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Why do some dietary migraine patients claim they get headaches from placebos?

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BACKGROUND In six double-blind studies involving 182 tests of dietary migraine patients sensitive to tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine, 18% reported headaches from placebos which were all concealed in gelatin capsules. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to test a hypothesis: gelatin is

[Biogenic amines in food: effects of histamine, tyramine and phenylethylamine in the human].

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The effect of 25 mg histamine, 25 mg tyramine and 5 mg phenylethylamine resp. in apple juice on 27 healthy volunteers was studied using a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind procedure. No statistically significant effect was found with histamine and tyramine, but phenylethylamine produced

Phenylethylamine in neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Phenylethylamine is an endogenous neuroamine conceptualized as the body's natural amphetamine. PEA has been suggested to play a role in the etiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased PEA turnover in phenylketonuria contributes to the pathophysiology of this condition. Depressed and

Phenylethylamine and cerebral blood flow. Possible involvement of phenylethylamine in migraine.

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Phenylethylamine can initiate migraine-type headaches in susceptible individuals. Migraine sufferers have a reduced ability to deaminate all monoamines, but particularly phenylethylamine. Phenylethylamine readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and thus could be a mediator of the cerebrovascular

Wine and headache.

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Headache can be induced by histamine in wine in patients suffering from histamine intolerance, a disease characterized by impaired histamine degradation based on reduced diamine oxidase activity or a lack of the enzyme. Diamine oxidase is localized in the jejunal mucosa and is the most important

Foods and supplements in the management of migraine headaches.

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OBJECTIVE Although a wide range of acute and preventative medications are now available for the treatment of migraine headaches, many patients will not have a significant improvement in the frequency and severity of their headaches unless lifestyle modifications are made. Also, given the myriad side

Venlafaxine and nefazodone, two pharmacologically distinct antidepressants.

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Venlafaxine, a phenylethylamine, and nefazodone, a phenylpiperazine compound, are the newest antidepressants to receive approval of the Food and Drug Administration and to be marketed in the United States. Both strongly inhibit serotonin (5-HT) reuptake; venlafaxine also inhibits norepinephrine

Occurrence of biogenic amines in sufu obtained from Chinese market.

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This study aims at examining the level of biogenic amines (BAs) in different kinds of sufu commonly consumed in China. The correlation between different BAs and physical and chemical index in sufu samples was also investigated. The results proved that different processing technologies altered the

Biogenic amines in vacuum-packaged and carbon dioxide-controlled atmosphere-packaged fresh pork stored at -1.50 degrees C.

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Biogenic amines are formed in foods as a result of amino acid decarboxylation catalyzed by bacterial enzymes. When consumed in sufficient quantities, these compounds will cause headache, hypertension, fever, and heart failure. Technologies such as vacuum packaging and carbon dioxide-modified

Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines: a review.

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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the scientific evidence for purported intolerance to dietary biogenic amines. METHODS MEDLINE was searched for articles in the English language published between January 1966 and August 2001. The keyword biogenic amin* was combined with hypersens*, allerg*, intoler*, and

Octopamine, unlike other trace amines, inhibits responses of astroglia-enriched cultures to lipopolysaccharide via a β-adrenoreceptor-mediated mechanism.

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Trace amines (TAs), i.e. β-phenylethylamine, tyramine and octopamine, are generally regarded as sympathomimetic compounds with structural and functional analogy with catecholamines. Previous reports have shown particularly high levels of circulating TAs in migraine and cluster headache patients.

The restaurant syndromes.

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The Restaurant syndromes can be caused by five major factors: food allergens, sulfites, monosodium glutamate (MSG), tartrazine, and scombroidosis (and other seafood poisoning). A history of atopy and ingestion of known food allergens such as peanuts, egg, fish, and walnuts, together with positive

The diet factor in pediatric and adolescent migraine.

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Diet can play an important role in the precipitation of headaches in children and adolescents with migraine. The diet factor in pediatric migraine is frequently neglected in favor of preventive drug therapy. The list of foods, beverages, and additives that trigger migraine includes cheese,

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