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New insights into the anti-obesity activity of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana.

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Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. This condition, and its related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, have become major public health challenges. Fruits are important dietary components, and bioactive constituents from fruits are considered to be a promising

Adipose tissue as a possible therapeutic target for polyphenols: A case for Cyclopia extracts as anti-obesity nutraceuticals.

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Obesity is a significant contributor to increased morbidity and premature mortality due to increasing the risk of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical

Adipocyte reporter assays: application for identification of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of mangosteen xanthones.

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METHODS Three fluorescence biosensors were developed based on a 3T3-L1 preadipocyte line that stably expressed Nfkb-RE/GFP, Fabp4-P/CFP, and Nrf2-P/YFP fluorescent reporters. We hypothesized that nutraceuticals' inflammatory, adipogenic, and antioxidant status will be identified based on the change

Caged xanthones displaying protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.

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Four new caged xanthones (1-4) and two known compounds (5, 6) were isolated from the roots of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, a polyphenol rich plant, collected in China. The structures of the isolated compounds (1-6) were characterized by obtaining their detailed spectroscopic data. In particular,

Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.

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Cratoxylum cochinchinense displayed significant inhibition against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase, both of which are key target enzymes to attenuate diabetes and obesity. The compounds responsible for both enzymes inhibition were identified as twelve xanthones (1-12) among

Competitive protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors, prenylated caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi and their inhibitory mechanism.

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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays important role in diabetes, obesity and cancer. The methanol extract of the gum resin of Garcinia hanburyi (G. hanburyi) showed potent PTP1B inhibition at 10µg/ml. The active compounds were identified as prenylated caged xanthones (1-9) which inhibited

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) flesh supplementation attenuates biochemical and morphological changes in the liver and kidney of high fat diet-induced obese rats.

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Mangosteen is a native fruit from Southeast Asia. It is rich in phenolic compounds such as xanthones, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Mangosteen pericarp extract showed inhibitory activity towards pancreatic lipase and may have potential use for obesity treatment. However, there is

Xanthones from Swertia mussotii as multitarget-directed antidiabetic agents.

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Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a causative role in the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Given the antioxidant potency of previously reported xanthones isolated from Swertia mussotii. These natural products were further evaluated against other

Review of Garcinia mangostana and its Xanthones in Metabolic Syndrome and Related Complications.

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Metabolic syndrome is coexistence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and their complications, low quality and short lifespan. Garcinia mangostana and its xanthones such as α-mangostin have been shown desirable effects

Xanthones from mangosteen prevent lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in primary cultures of human adipocytes.

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The xanthones, alpha- and gamma-mangostin (MG), are major bioactive compounds found in mangosteen and are reported to have antiinflammatory properties in several murine models. Given the association between obesity, chronic low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance, we examined the effects of

Xanthones from mangosteen inhibit inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media.

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Obesity-associated inflammation is characterized by recruitment of macrophages (MPhi) into white adipose tissue (WAT) and production of inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance. The xanthones, alpha- and gamma-mangostin (MG), are major bioactive compounds found in

α-Amylase inhibition of xanthones from Garcinia mangostana pericarps and their possible use for the treatment of diabetes with molecular docking studies.

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Chromatographic separation of the methanol extract of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen, Guttiferae) dried pericarps led to the isolation and structural characterization of a new xanthone, namely garcimangostin A (5), together with garcixanthone A (1), gartanin (2), normangostin (3), and garcinone C

A comprehensive review on xanthone derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors.

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α-Glucosidase plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other related complications. In the last two decades, considerable interest has been given to natural and synthetic xanthone derivatives in

Advanced glycation end products induce lipogenesis: regulation by natural xanthone through inhibition of ERK and NF-κB.

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Advanced glycation end products (AGE) accumulate in diabetic patients and aged persons due to high amounts of 3- or 4-carbon derivatives of glucose. Understanding the mechanism of AGE-mediated signaling leading to these consequences, like oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, etc. and its

Medicinal plants of the genus Anthocleista--A review of their ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology.

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BACKGROUND The genus Anthocleista of the Gentianaceae family contains 14 species of trees and shrub-like plants distributed in tropical Africa, in Madagascar and on the Comoros. Traditionally, they are commonly used in the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, malaria, typhoid fever, obesity,

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