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A Novel Rice Xylosyltransferase Catalyzes the Addition of 2-O-Xylosyl Side Chains onto the Xylan Backbone.

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Xylan is a major hemicellulose in both primary and secondary walls of grass species. It consists of a linear backbone of β-1,4-linked xylosyl residues that are often substituted with monosaccharides and disaccharides. Xylosyl substitutions directly on the xylan backbone have not been reported in

Biochemical characterization of rice xylan O-acetyltransferases.

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UNASSIGNED Rice xylan is predominantly monoacetylated at O-2 and O-3, and 14 rice DUF231 proteins were demonstrated to be xylan acetyltransferases. Acetylated xylans are the principal hemicellulose in the cell walls of grass species. Because xylan acetylation impedes the conversion of cellulosic

Two Trichome Birefringence-Like Proteins Mediate Xylan Acetylation, Which Is Essential for Leaf Blight Resistance in Rice.

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Acetylation is a ubiquitous modification on cell wall polymers, which play a structural role in plant growth and stress defenses. However, the mechanisms for how crop plants accomplish cell wall polymer O-acetylation are largely unknown. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of two

Membrane-associated xylanase-like protein OsXYN1 is required for normal cell wall deposition and plant development in rice.

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The rice (Oryza sativa) genome encodes 37 putative β-1,4-xylanase proteins, but none of them have been characterized at the genetic level. In this work, we report the isolation of slim stem (ss) mutants with pleiotropic defects, including dwarfism, leaf tip necrosis, and withered and rolled leaves

Cell Wall Composition and Candidate Biosynthesis Gene Expression During Rice Development.

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Cell walls of grasses, including cereal crops and biofuel grasses, comprise the majority of plant biomass and intimately influence plant growth, development and physiology. However, the functions of many cell wall synthesis genes, and the relationships among and the functions of cell wall components

Mucilaginibacter oryzae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a rice paddy.

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A Gram-negative-staining, non-spore-forming bacterium devoid of flagella, designated strain B9(T), was isolated from rice paddy soil associated with the roots of Oryza sativa collected from Jinju, South Korea. Cells were straight rods, were catalase- and oxidase-positive and were able to hydrolyse

Characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides from suspension cultures of members of the poaceae.

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Microscopic examination of suspension- cultured cells of Phleum pratense L., Panicum miliaceum L., Phalarisaquatica L. and Oryza sativa L. showed that they were comprised of numerous root primordia. Polysaccharides secreted by these suspension cultures contained glycosyl linkages consistent with the

Characterization of soluble and putative membrane-bound UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase (OsUXS) isoforms in rice.

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Arabinoxylans in crop plants are the major sugar components of the cell walls, and UDP-xylose is a key substrate in the biosynthesis of xylans. In this study, the six putative UDP-D-glucuronic acid decarboxylase genes from rice (Oryza sativa UDP-xylose synthase; OsUXS) were cloned. Except for the

A rice family 9 glycoside hydrolase isozyme with broad substrate specificity for hemicelluloses in type II cell walls.

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An auxin analog, 2,4-D, stimulates the activity of endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (EGase) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The auxin-induced activity from three protein fractions was purified to homogeneity from primary root tissues (based on SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing after Coomassie brilliant blue

Plant Growth-Promoting Traits of a Thermophilic Strain of the Klebsiella Group with its Effect on Rice Plant Growth

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In agriculture, instead of synthetic fertilizers, natural bio-inoculants can be used to increase growth and yield of crops. For this purpose, we report a thermophilic bacteria Klebsiella sp. strain PMnew, isolated from Paniphala hot spring. The strain was characterized and assessed for plant

A novel bioinformatics approach identifies candidate genes for the synthesis and feruloylation of arabinoxylan.

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Arabinoxylans (AXs) are major components of graminaceous plant cell walls, including those in the grain and straw of economically important cereals. Despite some recent advances in identifying the genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes for a number of other plant cell wall polysaccharides, the genes

Rice OVATE family protein 6 regulates leaf angle by modulating secondary cell wall biosynthesis

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Secondary cell wall not only provides rigidity and mechanical resistance to plants, but also has a large impact on plant growth and adaptation to environments. Biosynthesis of secondary cell wall is regulated by a complicated signaling transduction network; however, it is still unclear how the

Arabinosyl Deacetylase Modulates the Arabinoxylan Acetylation Profile and Secondary Wall Formation.

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Acetylation, a prevalent modification of cell-wall polymers, is a tightly controlled regulatory process that orchestrates plant growth and environmental adaptation. However, due to limited characterization of the enzymes involved, it is unclear how plants establish and dynamically regulate the

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