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Functional and chemical characterization of XAF: a heat-stable plant polymer that activates xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH).

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Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) proteins that possess xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity contribute to cell-wall assembly and remodelling, orchestrating plant growth and development. Little is known about in-vivo XET regulation, other than at the XTH

Mutations in multiple XXT genes of Arabidopsis reveal the complexity of xyloglucan biosynthesis.

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Xyloglucan is an important hemicellulosic polysaccharide in dicot primary cell walls. Most of the enzymes involved in xyloglucan synthesis have been identified. However, many important details of its synthesis in vivo remain unknown. The roles of three genes encoding xylosyltransferases

Soluble and Membrane-Bound β-Glucosidases Are Involved in Trimming the Xyloglucan Backbone.

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In many flowering plants, xyloglucan is a major component of primary cell walls, where it plays an important role in growth regulation. Xyloglucan can be degraded by a suite of exoglycosidases that remove specific sugars. In this work, we show that the xyloglucan backbone, formed by (1→4)-linked

The pepper extracellular xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase inhibitor protein gene, CaXEGIP1, is required for plant cell death and defense responses.

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Plants produce various proteinaceous inhibitors to protect themselves against microbial pathogen attack. A xyloglucan-specific endo-β-1,4-glucanase inhibitor1 gene, CaXEGIP1, was isolated and functionally characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants. CaXEGIP1 was rapidly and strongly induced in

Subcompartment localization of the side chain xyloglucan-synthesizing enzymes within Golgi stacks of tobacco suspension-cultured cells.

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Xyloglucan is the dominant hemicellulosic polysaccharide of the primary cell wall of dicotyledonous plants that plays a key role in plant development. It is well established that xyloglucan is assembled within Golgi stacks and transported in Golgi-derived vesicles to the cell wall. It is also known

Functional Analysis of Cellulose and Xyloglucan in the Walls of Stomatal Guard Cells of Arabidopsis.

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Stomatal guard cells are pairs of specialized epidermal cells that control water and CO2 exchange between the plant and the environment. To fulfill the functions of stomatal opening and closure that are driven by changes in turgor pressure, guard cell walls must be both strong and flexible, but how

Root hair-specific disruption of cellulose and xyloglucan in AtCSLD3 mutants, and factors affecting the post-rupture resumption of mutant root hair growth.

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The glycosyl transferase encoded by the cellulose synthase-like gene CSLD3/KJK/RHD7 (At3g03050) is required for cell wall integrity during root hair formation in Arabidopsis thaliana but it remains unclear whether it contributes to the synthesis of cellulose or hemicellulose. We identified two new

Enzymatic Activity of Xyloglucan Xylosyltransferase 5.

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Xyloglucan, the most abundant hemicellulosic component of the primary cell wall of flowering plants, is composed of a β-(1,4)-glucan backbone decorated with d-xylosyl residues. Three xyloglucan xylosyltransferases (XXTs) participate in xyloglucan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Expression of heterologous xyloglucan xylosyltransferases in Arabidopsis to investigate their role in determining xyloglucan xylosylation substitution patterns.

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CONCLUSIONS Putative XyG xylosyltransferases from Tropaeolum majus (nasturtium) and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) homologous to characterized Arabidopsis genes were identified and shown to functionally complement Arabidopsis mutants lacking xyloglucan demonstrating they represent xyloglucan

Integrating cell biology, image analysis, and computational mechanical modeling to analyze the contributions of cellulose and xyloglucan to stomatal function.

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Cell walls are likely to be essential determinants of the amazing strength and flexibility of the guard cells that surround each stomatal pore in plants, but surprisingly little is known about cell wall composition, organization, and dynamics in guard cells. Recent analyses of cell wall organization

In silico prediction of proteins related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferases in Solanaceae genomes.

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Two independent studies have shown that the cell wall of pollen tubes from tobacco and tomato species contained fucosylated xyloglucan (XyG). These findings are intriguing as many reports have shown that XyG of somatic cells of these species is not fucosylated but instead is arabinosylated. In order

Transgenic analysis of sugar beet xyloglucan endo-transglucosylase/hydrolase Bv-XTH1 and Bv-XTH2 promoters reveals overlapping tissue-specific and wound-inducible expression profiles.

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The identification and analysis of tissue-specific gene regulatory elements will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that control the growth and development of different plant tissues and offer potentially useful tools for the genetic engineering of plants. A polymerase chain reaction

Identification of two functional xyloglucan galactosyltransferase homologs BrMUR3 and BoMUR3 in brassicaceous vegetables

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Xyloglucan (XyG) is the predominant hemicellulose in the primary cell walls of most dicotyledonous plants. Current models of these walls predict that XyG interacts with cellulose microfibrils to provide the wall with the rigidity and strength necessary to maintain cell integrity. Remodeling of this

Apoplastic glycosidases active against xyloglucan oligosaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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All four glycanases necessary for the degradation of xyloglucan oligosaccharides (alpha-fucosidase, alpha-xylosidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase) were found in the apoplastic fluid of Arabidopsis thaliana. These activities acted cooperatively on xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XLFG),

Arabidopsis thaliana α1,2-l-fucosyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of l-galactose to xyloglucan oligosaccharides.

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l-Galactose (l-Gal) is one of the components of plant cell wall polysaccharides. In the GDP-l-fucose-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutant mur1, l-fucose (l-Fuc) residues in xyloglucan are substituted by l-Gal residues. l-Gal only differs from l-Fuc by the presence of an oxygen at C-6. Thus, we

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