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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces hypothalamic nitric oxide (NO); NO is antipyretic in the preoptic area (POA), but its mechanism of action is uncertain. LPS also stimulates the release of preoptic norepinephrine (NE), which mediates fever onset. Because NE upregulates NO synthases and
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic disease of man, swine, dogs, cats, and horses. The syndrome is normally triggered by inhalational anesthetics or the administration of depolarizing muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine or various environmental stress factors. We have used the
Administration of either Poly I:Poly C (0.05-0.50 micrograms) or norepinephrine (2-8 micrograms) into the anterior hypothalamic area produced a dose-related fever in rats. The fever induced by Poly I:Poly C was attenuated after selective depletion of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus. However,
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare genetic trait characterized by potential life-threatening episodes of hypermetabolism, hyperthermia, and muscle rigidity when susceptible humans or animals are exposed to triggering drugs. The role of norepinephrine (NE) in triggering MH is controversial. The
The peripheral administration of pyrogens has been shown previously to affect the activity of central noradrenergic neurons, but the effects have been variable and no consensus has emerged regarding their functional significance. Because norepinephrine (NE) microdialyzed into the preoptic area (PO)
The changes in rectal temperature, metabolic rate, cutaneous temperatures and respiratory evaporative heat loss produced by an injection of a bacterial endotoxin piromen (4-40 ng in 1 microliter) into the anterior hypothalamus were assessed in conscious rats in both sexes from a wide range of body
Continuous intravenous infusion in pigs of norepinephrine, to blood concentrations of 140 ng.ml-1, provided a test of the hypothesis that this sympathetic hormone can initiate malignant hyperthermia (MH). This study was performed during nitrous oxide-pentobarbital anesthesia, and in part utilized
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) crises may induce morbidity or death in MH-susceptible (MHS) individuals. The only sensitive method of determining susceptibility is the caffeine-halothane contracture test, requiring muscle biopsy. Early research on MH demonstrated an abnormal response to catecholamines
An array of guide tubes to accommodate concentric push-pull cannulae was implanted chronically within the diencephalon of the rhesus or other species of macaque monkey which was accustomed to a primate chair. Colonic and skin temperatures were monitored continuously during each experiment in which a
Tyrosine (TYR) is the precursor of the catecholamine (CA) neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Catecholamines, especially NE, participate in the response of the brain to acute stress. When animals are acutely stressed, NE neurons become more active and tyrosine availability may
The antidepressive drug agomelatine combines the properties of an agonist of melatonergic receptors 1 and 2 with an antagonist of the 5-HT2C receptor. We analyzed the effects of agomelatine in psychosocially stressed male tree shrews, an established preclinical model of depression. Tree shrews