[Quincke and his oedema].

Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke (1842-1922), the son of a physician, was born in Frankfurt but was educated in Berlin where he also completed his medical studies in 1864. After a 'grand tour' that took him to Paris, Vienna and London, he was trained in Berlin, first in surgery and later in internal medicine, under Von Frerichs (1819-1885). In 1878, he became a professor of internal medicine in Berne; from 1883 he held the chair of medicine in Kiel, which he would hold for the next 30 years. In 1882, he published a synthesis of several observations of 'acute, circumscribed oedema of the skin'. Quincke accurately described the clinical features and distinguished the familial from the sporadic forms. He was correct in attributing the condition to increased vascular permeability, but he surmised the causal factors were neurogenic rather than humoral, according to current insights (excess of bradykinin due to external factors or hereditary deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor). Quincke not only contributed to several other clinical observations, but also pioneered the lumbar puncture, initially not for diagnostic purposes, but to relieve headache in hydrocephalic children.