Protective effect of Coriandrum sativum extract against inflammation and apoptosis in liver ischemia reperfusion injury

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Coriandrum sativum extract on liver ischemia reperfusion injury at light microscopic and biochemical levels.

Material and methods: Sham, ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), IRI+Coriandrum sativum extract and only Coriandrum sativum extract groups were formed. Sixty minutes of ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion were performed. In the treatment group, 300 mg/kg/day Coriandrum sativum was given by gavage. Hepatic tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes were measured. Nuclear factor- kappa beta (NF-kappa B), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Caspase-3 (Cas-3) immunohistochemistry staining was performed. Microscopic scoring was performed in terms of sinusoidal congestion, vacuolization, and necrosis.

Results: Sinusoidal enlargement and diffuse congestion, Kupffer cell increase, neutrophil increase in necrotic areas, and vacuolization in hepatocytes, and bile duct proliferation in the portal triad were observed in ischemia/reperfusion hepatic tissue. Very rare, necrotic areas were observed in the Coriandrum sativum treatment group, while congestion and vacuolization and bile duct proliferation were decreased compared to the ischemic group. The AST and ALT levels were increased in the IRI and IRI+Coriandrum sativum groups. When compared to the IRI group, the AST and ALT levels of the Coriandrum sativum were considerably decreased. The IRI and IRI+Coriandrum sativum groups had statistically significant differences in ALP compared to that of the Coriandrum sativum and Sham groups. There was no significant difference between the ALP levels of the IRI and IRI+Coriandrum sativum groups TNF-α, NF-kappa B and Cas-3 immune positive stained hepatocytes were numerous and widely observed in the injury group. There were positive TNF-α immunohistochemical staining Kupffer cells in the IRI group. In the group treated with Coriandrum sativum, Kupffer cells were not stained, while TNF-α, NF-kappa B and Cas-3 expressing hepatocytes were found to be decreased compared to the IRI group. When the expression values of the TNF-α, NF-kappa B and Cas-3 groups were evaluated statistically, it was seen that there was a significant decrease in the group treated with Coriandrum sativum.

Conclusions: It was found that Coriandrum sativum extract decreased proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and apoptotic cell death and liver enzymes in liver ischemia reperfusion injury.

Keywords: Cas-3; Coriandrum sativum; NF-kappa B; TNF-α; liver ischemia.