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The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of influenza virus binds to cell surface sialic acid (SA) to initiate infection. In this study, a mutant of influenza A virus strain BJx109 (H3N2) was plaque-purified from the lungs of virus-infected mice that had been depleted of airway macrophages. Sequence
Large polypeptides of the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) were inserted into an influenza A virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA), and the chimeric proteins were functionally characterized and incorporated into infectious influenza viruses. PA domain 1', the region responsible for binding
Measles still causes considerable morbidity and mortality among infants and young children in developing countries. To develop a new public health tool to reduce this burden, we designed two Sindbis virus replicon vaccines encoding measles virus (MV) hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a systemic lethal disease of poultry caused by several subtypes of influenza A virus and classified on the basis of serologic reactions to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface glycoproteins. In January 2016, a novel subtype of HPAI-H7N8-was diagnosed in
BACKGROUND
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza virus has been widely reported and was considered the main cause of death in critically ill patients with 2009 H1N1 infection. However, no animal model has been developed for ARDS caused by infection with
BACKGROUND
The epidemiology of pertussis is changing, with a clear increase in the number of cases diagnosed in adolescents and adults. This development has spurred studies and anticipated licensure of safer diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis combined (Tdap) vaccines for this older
A 40-day-old male infant suffered from generalized anasarca, proteinuria and hematuria. Serologic study revealed marked elevation of antibody titer against Treponema pallidum, the same serologic finding was also noted in both his parents. Two weeks of treatment with penicillin was given. The edema
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was diagnosed in broiler breeders, submitted to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service in South Korea. Grossly, the dead breeders had lesions consistent with HPAI, including pancreatic mottling, splenomegaly, pulmonary edema and congestion,
Mice intravenously injected with concentrated infectious influenza B/Lee/40 virus (LD50 = 6400 hemagglutinin units) developed lethargy, seizures, coma, and death 1 to 3 days later. The cerebrospinal fluid cell count was normal. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels increased 19-fold and
The adherence of Bordetella pertussis to human respiratory cilia is critical to the pathogenesis of whooping cough but the significance of bacterial attachment to macrophages has not been determined. Adherence to cilia and macrophages is mediated by two large, nonfimbrial bacterial proteins,
BACKGROUND
Rapid progressive encephalopathy with a high fever, consciousness loss and recurrent convulsions has been occasionally reported in children during influenza pandemics in Japan since 1995. We examined a 2-year old girl with hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome associated with
Host-mediated recognition of mannose-rich glycans on the surface of pathogens represents an ancient mechanism of innate immune defence. In this study, we demonstrate that the virus strains that differ in the degree of N-linked glycosylation on the globular head of their hemagglutinin glycoprotein
Severe influenza is characterized by cytokine storm and multi-organ failure with edema. We found that the "influenza virus-cytokine-trypsin/MMP-9 cycle" in the endothelial cells is one of the key mechanisms of vascular hyperpermeability, the major pathogen of multi-organ failure. Upregulated
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most common infectious pathogens in humans and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. The recent spread of highly-pathogenic avian IAV H5N1 viruses has reinforced the importance of pandemic preparedness. In the pathogenesis of IAV infection, cellular
Acquired deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 INH) was first described by Caldwell in 1972. Since that date, about 30 cases have been reported, in most cases during proliferative lymphocyte B syndromes. The acquired C1 INH deficiency can provoke episodes of angioneurotic edema as in hereditary