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Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitously present in various types of cells of living organisms. They are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and cell differentiation, and are required for abiotic stress tolerances in plants. However, it
DNA polymerase λ (Pol λ) is the sole member of family X DNA polymerase in plants and plays a crucial role in nuclear DNA damage repair. Here, we report the transcriptional up-regulation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtPolλ in response to abiotic and genotoxic stress, including salinity and
A simple screening method was developed for the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants hypersensitive to X-ray irradiation. The root meristem was used as the target for irradiation with sublethal doses of X rays, while protection of the shoot meristem by a lead cover allowed the rescue of
Escherichia coli ruvC recG mutants lack RuvC endonuclease, which resolves crossed-strand joint molecules (Holliday junctions) formed during homologous recombination into recombinant products, and an activity (RecG) thought to partially replace RuvC. They are therefore highly deficient in homologous
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose one of the most severe threats to genome integrity, potentially leading to cell death. After detection of a DSB, the DNA damage and repair response is initiated and the DSB is repaired by non-homologous end joining and/or homologous recombination. Many components
RADiation sensitive52 (RAD52) mediates RAD51 loading onto single-stranded DNA ends, thereby initiating homologous recombination and catalyzing DNA annealing. RAD52 is highly conserved among eukaryotes, including animals and fungi. This article reports that RAD52 homologs are present in all plants
Homologous recombination contributes both to the generation of allelic diversity and to the preservation of genetic information. In plants, a lack of suitable experimental material has prevented studies of the regulatory and enzymatic aspects of recombination in somatic and meiotic cells. We have
γ-irradiation and Mitomycin C Induced 1 (GMI1), is a member of the SMC-hinge domain-containing protein family that takes part in double stranded break repair mechanism in eukaryotic cells. In this study we hypothesize a small molecule-Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) binding region of novel SMC like
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a posttranslational protein modification in which ADP-ribose (ADP-Rib) units derived from NAD(+) are attached to proteins by poly(ADP-Rib) polymerase (PARP) enzymes. ADP-Rib groups are removed from these polymer chains by the enzyme poly(ADP-Rib) glycohydrolase (PARG). In
The regulatory particle (RP) of the 26S proteasome contains a heterohexameric ring of AAA-ATPases (RPT1-6) that unfolds and inserts substrates into the core protease (CP) for degradation. Through genetic analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene pair encoding RPT2, we show that this subunit plays a
Despite intensive searches, few proteins involved in telomere homeostasis have been identified in plants. Here, we used pull-down assays to identify potential telomeric interactors in the model plant species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We identified the candidate protein GH1-HMGA1 (also
Replication protein A (RPA), a highly conserved single-stranded DNA-binding protein in eukaryotes, is a stable complex comprising three subunits termed RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3. RPA is required for multiple processes in DNA metabolism such as replication, repair, and homologous recombination in yeast
The three protocols of the comet assay A/N, A/A and N/N were for the first time applied to the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. The purpose of the experiments was to establish conditions for genotoxic exposure causing DNA damage in Arabidopsis nuclei. This is required for comprehensive gene
• Mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) are correlated with hereditary breast cancer in humans. Studies have revealed that mammalian BRCA2 plays crucial roles in DNA repair. Therefore, we wished to define the role of the BRCA2 homologs in Arabidopsis in detail. • As
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the transfer of multiple poly(ADP-ribose) units onto target proteins. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation plays a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes including, most prominently, auto-activation of PARP at sites of DNA breaks to activate DNA repair