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Efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy by patient age, epilepsy duration, and seizure type.

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Medically refractory epilepsy is a morbid condition, and many patients are poor candidates for surgical resection because of multifocal seizure origin or eloquence near epileptic foci. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was approved in 1997 by the US Food and Drug Administration as an adjunctive

Early seizure detection in rats based on vagus nerve activity.

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Continuous, scheduled vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. On-demand VNS, started prior to or at the onset of a seizure may improve the effect of the treatment, however, this requires seizures to be predicted or detected early. This study investigates the

DNA methyltransferase isoforms expression in the temporal lobe of epilepsy patients with a history of febrile seizures.

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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common pharmaco-resistant epilepsy referred for adult epilepsy surgery. Though associated with prolonged febrile seizures (FS) in childhood, the neurobiological basis for this relationship is not fully understood and

Iron-deficiency Anemia in Children with Febrile Seizure: A Case-Control Study.

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OBJECTIVE Considering the recurrence of febrile seizure and costs for families, many studies have attempted to identify its risk factors. Some recent studies have reported that anemia is more common in children with febrile convulsion, whereas others have reported that iron deficiency raises the

The prevalence of Familial Mediterranean Fever common gene mutations in patients with simple febrile seizures.

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BACKGROUND Febrile seizures (FS) represent the most common form of childhood seizures that occurs in 2-5 % of the children younger than 6 years. There have been many recent reports on the molecular genetic and pathogenesis of FC. It has been recognized that there is significant genetic component for

Prolonged febrile seizures induce inheritable memory deficits in rats through DNA methylation.

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Febrile seizures (FSs) are the most common types of seizures in young children. However, little is known whether the memory deficits induced by early-life FSs could transmit across generations or not.The memory functions of different generations of FS rats

The neuropathology of hyperthermic seizures in the rat.

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OBJECTIVE Single and repeated hyperthermic seizures were induced in rats beginning at age 22 days to determine the neuroanatomic consequences to the hippocampus and to compare these changes with those in the hippocampi of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) experiencing febrile

Seizure-induced 5-HT release and chronic impairment of serotonergic function in rats.

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We analyzed the dynamic concentration change of serotonin (5-HT) and its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) within the epileptic hippocampus in rats. Seizure was induced by systemic injection of pilocarpine (320mg/kg, i.p.). Using electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, we found

Possible involvement of nitrergic and opioidergic systems in the modulatory effect of acute chloroquine treatment on pentylenetetrazol induced convulsions in mice.

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Chloroquine has long been used for the treatment of malaria and rheumatological disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests potential use of chloroquine as a neuroprotective agent. Several studies have reported that endogenous opioids and nitric oxide (NO) system mediate the chloroquine effects. In

Interictal regional cerebral blood flow in patients with partial seizures.

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Interictal regional cerebral blood flow was determined in 11 adult patients with partial epilepsy and lateralized electroencephalographic abnormalities by means of the xenon 133 intracarotid injection method. A hemispheric area demonstrating significantly low regional cerebral blood flow values as

Prediction of epileptic seizures.

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For almost 40 years, neuroscientists thought that epileptic seizures began abruptly, just a few seconds before clinical attacks. There is now mounting evidence that seizures develop minutes to hours before clinical onset. This change in thinking is based on quantitative studies of long digital

Mirror focus: function of seizure frequency and influence on outcome after surgery.

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The concept of the mirror focus (MF) implies that an actively discharging epileptiform region may induce similar paroxysmal behavior in a homologous site. In a group of patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) we investigated whether occurrence of a MF was influenced by certain clinical factors

PDI Knockdown Inhibits Seizure Activity in Acute Seizure and Chronic Epilepsy Rat Models via S-Nitrosylation-Independent Thiolation on NMDA Receptor.

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Redox modulation and S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues are the post-translational modifications of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) to regulate its functionality. Recently, we have reported that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) reduces disulfide bond (S-S) to free thiol (-SH)

PDI regulates seizure activity via NMDA receptor redox in rats.

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Redox modulation of cysteine residues is one of the post-translational modifications of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, plays a crucial role in catalyzing disulfide bond formation, reduction, and isomerization. In

Seizures and brain regulatory systems: consciousness, sleep, and autonomic systems.

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Research into the physiologic underpinnings of epilepsy has revealed reciprocal relationships between seizures and the activity of several regulatory systems in the brain. This review highlights recent progress in understanding and using the relationships between seizures and the arousal or

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