Overnight fasting blood sample, early morning first-void urine sample and faeces samples will be collected at baseline and follow-up。

Hypertension

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Stroke

Obesity

Metabolic Syndrome

Sarcopenia

Chronic Kidney Disease

Cancer

Death

Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control

Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study：a Community-based Prospective Cohort Study in Nanshan， Shenzhen Residents

The investigators will also track for occurrence of diabetes mellitus by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of stroke by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of cognitive disorder by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will measure metabolic syndrome-related indices at each visit (per every 3 years), the investigators can analysis the incidence of metabolic syndrome.

The investigators will measure fasting lipid profile (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) at each visit, and analyse the change of these indices.

The investigators will measure the handgrip strength, which will be used to diagnose sarcopenia according to definition recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS): cutoff values for handgrip strength (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women).

The investigators will measure the usual gait speed., which will also be used to diagnose sarcopenia according to definition recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS): cutoff values for usual gait speed (<0.8 m/s).

Yu-ming Chen

Professor

Sun Yat-sen University

Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control

The intervention visit involves a test meal to be consumed by subjects attending the Human Nutrition Unit in the morning, following an overnight fast. The meal will be consumed within 15 minutes and blood (69 mL) and urine samples will be collected during 24 hours.
The test meals are designed to contain the same amount of proteins. Alternative protein meals: a number of bread buns for each meal containing individual alternative protein flours (green pea, lupin, hemp, buckwheat, fava beans). These will deliver 30 g of protein, the remainder being provided by white flour. The control (meat) meal: a lean beef steak containing 30 g of protein and a bun containing the same amount of white flour as used for the alternative protein bread buns.
The semi structured interview guide: will take place within the Human Nutrition Unit during one of the scheduled visits, once initial screening has taken place and participants have been selected. All interviews will be digitally recorded.

Healthy

Fava bean, Lupin, Beef meat, Green pea, Hemp, Buckwheat

Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen

Health Impacts of Sustainable Ingredient Selection in the Food and Drink Industry - ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN STUDY

Each intervention visit will involve a test meal to be consumed by subjects attending the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) in the morning, following an overnight fast. They will be provided with a meal, which will be consumed within 15 minutes and blood (69 mL) and urine samples will be collected during 24 hours .
Biomarkers of satiety as measured by gut-related hormones and subjective appetite using visual analogue scales, specifically to be collected during the meal over a three hour period, every 30 minutes. The energy intake measured for each volunteer after an ad libitum lunch (five hours after test meal).
Biomarkers of CVD risk including total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins (LDL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA).
Assessment of peripheral glycaemic control, fasting glucose, area under the curve combined with insulin data.

The intervention visit will involve a test meal to be consumed by subjects attending the Human Nutrition Unit (HNU) in the morning, following an overnight fast. They will be provided with a meal, which will be consumed within 15 minutes and blood (69 mL) and urine samples will be collected during 24 hours
Plasma and urine markers of important phytochemical and protein metabolites will be quantitatively analysed to determine the systemic availability, in vivo concentrations and excretion times.

With regard to the social science component of the project, in-depth semi-structured interviews will be used for assessing the volunteers view towards diets rich in alternative plant proteins. For each volunteer will be conducted an digitally recorded interview(one hour), during one of the scheduled visits at the Human Nutrition Unit, once initial screening has taken place and participants have been selected.

flavone/obezita

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study

Health Impacts of Sustainable Ingredient Selection in the Food and Drink Industry - ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN STUDY

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