Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) and one tablet containing lactose once a day for three days immediately after the scaling and root planning.

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning) and one tablet containing 500 milligrams (mg) of Azithromycin once a day for three days immediately after the scaling and root planning.

Periodontitis

Tablet containing lactose Procedure: Periodontal treatment Scaling and root planning

Lactose tab

Tablet containing 500mg Azithromicyn. Procedure: Periodontal treatment Scaling and root planning

Azithromycin

Universidad Nacional Andres Bello

Efficacy of Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment

Clinical and Microbiological Efficacy of a Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment : A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Before, 1, 3 and 6 month after performing SRP with placebo or azithromycin, PD was measured in all the patients in the study and corresponds to the distance in millimeters from the gingival margin (MG) to the inserted probe´s tip of the most apical portion of the periodontal pocket. It was obtained by measuring with a North Carolina periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy® Manufacturing Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), from the bottom of the pocket to the MG, in a position parallel to the vertical axis of the tooth, with a pressure no greater than 0.25 Newton (N). PD was performed in a circular direction over the entire surface of each tooth, registering the 6 deepest sites per tooth (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, distolingual, lingual and mesiolingual).
Subsequently, those sites with PD ≥ 3 mm, PD ≥ 4 mm, PD ≥ 7 mm were counted and the student t test was applied to observe if there were significant differences between both treatment groups.

Percentage of subjects presenting low (≤ 4 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm),moderate (5-8 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm) or high (≥ 9 sites with PD ≥5 mm), before and 6 month after performing SRP with placebo or azithromycin.

Before and 6 month after performing SRP, CAL was measured in all the patients in the study and corresponds to the distance measured in millimeters from the cementum enamel junction to the tip of the probe inserted to the most apical portion of the periodontal pocket. It was obtained using a North Carolina periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy® Manufacturing Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), in a position parallel to the vertical axis of the tooth, with a pressure not greater than 0.25 N.

Before,1,3 and 6 month after performing SRP, BI was measured in all the patients in the study. BI is percentage of dental surfaces with staining, through the use of biofilm developers. To obtain the index, a curaprox developer tablet was dissolved in a plastic cup with water and with a cotton ball this solution was applied on all of the tooth surfaces, recording only those that were stained. The calculation was made by dividing the surfaces that stained by the total surfaces, which corresponds to the number of teeth present multiplied by 4, and multiplying this value by 100. Subsequently, student t test was applied to observe if there were significant differences between both treatment groups.

Before,1, 3 and 6 month after performing SRP, BOP was measured in all the patients in the study. BOP is the percentage of surfaces that bleed when probing. It was recorded during PD measurement with a North Carolina periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy® Manufacturing Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and was considered positive if it occurs 20 seconds after probing. The calculation was made by dividing the sites that bled by the total sites, which corresponds to the number of teeth present multiplied by 6, and multiplying this value by 100. Subsequently, student t test was applied to observe if there were significant differences between both treatment groups.

Before, 3 and 6 month after performing SRP, the microbiological examination was performed on both groups. The biofilm samples were analyzed to detect the presence of four bacterial species: Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Mariely Navarrete

Associate Professor, Director of Graduate Periodontics Faculty of Dentistry Andres Bello University, Viña del Mar campus

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial, where patients with a history of Moderate Periodontitis with moderate rate of progression (Stage II grade B) and Severe Periodontitis with potencial for additional tooth loss and moderate rate of progression (Stage III grade B). The intervention group received non-surgical periodontal therapy (SRP) plus azithromycin, and the control group received SRP plus placebo. The clinical variables were measured before the treatment, and in the first, third and sixth month of the end of the SRP, while the microbiological variables were measured before the treatment and in the third and sixth month after treatment.

Comparison of outcome of pediatric liver disease and prognostic functional liver test results and gene expression in liver biopsies.

Liver Diseases

Liver Cirrhosis

Pediatric Disorder

Dept of Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet

Better Diagnostic Tools for Children and Adolescents With Acute Liver Failure and Chronic Liver Insufficiency

(hepatic extraction fraction and Hepatic clearance time)

Vibeke Brix Christensen

MD, PhD, DmSc

Rigshospitalet, Denmark

F75 with 63% of total energy from carbohydrates, including 10% of energy from lactose (standard F75).

F75 milk with 43% of total energy from carbohydrates, without any lactose, and providing the same amount of energy as standard F75 by increased lipid in the form of medium chain triglycerides.

Malnutrition

Diarrhoea

Metabolic Disturbance

This is the standard F75 milk used worldwide (Control group)

Standard F75 Milk

Modified F75 Milk

Kilifi County Hospital

Coast Provincial General Hospital - Study site

Queen Elizabeth Hospital- Study site

Reformulated F75 Milk to Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Reduced Carbohydrate Formulation of F75 Therapeutic Milk Among Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition

The criteria for stabilisation will be according to WHO guidelines:
- Absence of any WHO danger or emergency signs: obstructed breathing, respiratory distress, cyanosis, shock (delayed capillary refill plus fast & weak pulse plus temperature gradient), severe anaemia (Hb<5g/dl), congestive cardiac failure, impaired consciousness, convulsions, severe dehydration, profuse watery diarrhoea, vomits everything, hypothermia.
and
If there is oedema at baseline, loss of oedema defined as improving from a severe +++ oedema (severe: generalized bilateral pitting oedema including feet, legs, arms and face) to ++ oedema (moderate: no upper arm or upper leg oedema and no facial oedema or from ++ oedema to + (mild: only feet/ankle oedema) or none; and
Tolerating full prescribed volume of F75 feeds and observed to be completing the feeds.

3 or more loose stools in the last 24 hours

Described as the number of days requiring Resomal or IV fluids

Percentage change in weight between admission and day 5

Changes in sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphate and albumin between admission and day 3

numbers of episodes of new onset severe clinical deterioration accompanied by one or more of the following features: shock (fast and weak pulse and limb versus core temperature gradient and capillary refill time>3 seconds), respiratory distress (subcostal chest wall indrawing, hypoxaemia (SaO2) or requiring oxygen); impaired consciousness (Blantyre coma score<4) or hypoglycaemia (<3.0 mmol/l);

Time in days from admission to date of discharge

Total days spent in stabilization phase, including periods when the child may go back to the stabilization phase during deterioration

The proportion of children with a diarrheal pathogen detected and plasma and fecal bio makers of gut inflammation and permeability

University of Oxford

KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Collaborative Research Program

University of Malawi College of Medicine

The Hospital for Sick Children

University of Groningen

Cirrhosis

Department of Veteran Affairs

Virginia Commonwealth University

Hadassah Medical Organization

Breath Test to Assess Hepatic Metabolic Reserve and to Predict Hepatic Decompensation in Cirrhotics

Use of the BreathID to Assess Hepatic Metabolic Reserve and to Predict Hepatic Decompensation in Patients With Cirrhosis in Need of Liver Transplantation

galactose/atrofie

Efficacy of Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment

Better Diagnostic Tools for Children and Adolescents With Acute Liver Failure and Chronic Liver Insufficiency

Reformulated F75 Milk to Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition

Breath Test to Assess Hepatic Metabolic Reserve and to Predict Hepatic Decompensation in Cirrhotics

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