Lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV-1 infected patient after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.

We present the case of an HIV infected male patient with erythema nodosum leprosum and function loss of the peroneus nerve as manifestations of lepromatous leprosy. Since symptoms occurred after initiation of antiretroviral therapy and recovery of the immune system, the clinical picture is suggestive of a rare form of an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.