All children were treated with antibiotics according to WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health facilities 2012 [18], at enrollment after obtaining consent from parents and completing the baseline assessment, children were given a single injection of one ml of 100.000 IU of vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), vitamin D3 obtained from 2 ml vials containing 200,000 IU each (Devarol- S- 200.000 I.U. produced by Memphis for Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries) and stored in manufacturer's recommended conditions in a dry, cool environment for 1-16 weeks (depending on the date of recruitment) . Syringes were labeled with a unique ID number and given by the blinded doctors choosing the next syringe with a randomization code.

All children were treated with antibiotics according to WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health facilities 2012 [18], at enrollment after obtaining consent from parents and completing the baseline assessment, children were given a single injection of one ml saline injection. Syringes were labeled with a unique ID number and given by the blinded doctors choosing the next syringe with a randomization code.

Child, Hospitalized

Vitamin D Deficiency

Pneumonia

All children were treated with antibiotics according to WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health facilities 2012 [18], at enrollment after obtaining consent from parents and completing the baseline assessment, children were given a single injection of one ml of 100.000 IU of vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), vitamin D3 obtained from 2 ml vials containing 200,000 IU each (Devarol- S- 200.000 I.U. produced by Memphis for Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industries) and stored in manufacturer's recommended conditions in a dry, cool environment for 1-16 weeks (depending on the date of recruitment) or placebo which is 1 ml saline injection. Syringes were labeled with a unique ID number and given by the blinded doctors choosing the next syringe with a randomization code. (only office secretary aware of randomization codes).

A single one ml injection

Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Improvement of Pneumonic Children

Randomized Controlled Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation on Improvement of Pneumonic Children at Tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Egypt

Patients' percent change of Vitamin D (25 (OH)D) will be calculated to quantify the change levels before and after vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) administration through the equation:
Pediatric, Blood Vitamin D level (BVD) %change = [(BVD after - BVD before) ÷ BVD before] × 100

Shaimaa Ali Mohamed Abd El Fatah

Assistant Professor

Cairo University

Patients presenting to the ED with suspected sepsis who develop altered mental status

Patients presenting to the ED with suspected sepsis without change in mental status

Patients presenting to the ED with no suspicion of systemic inflammation that need hospitalization (control category)

Sepsis

Altered Mental Status

Sepsis-Associated Delirium

Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy

Delirium, Sepsis Associated

Blood draws will be collected via venipuncture or IV at hours 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72 (7 draws total). Each draw would be up to 20 mL of blood (but no less than 10 mL).

Blood draws

University of Florida

Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy (SAE) Biomarkers

Serum Biomarkers in Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy (SAE)

Acute encephalopathy will be measured using the mental status assessment including the Delirium Triage Screen (DTS) Brief Confusion Assessment Method (bCAM). DTS-bCAM assessment is a flowchart that helps diagnose a patient who is altered.

Acute encephalopathy will be measured using the mental status assessment short blessed test (SBT). Sum Total (range 0-28) [0-4 = normal cognition, 5-9 = questionable impairment, ≥ 10 = Impairment consistent with dementia]

Organ dysfunction will be assessed using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) methodology, a mortality assessment tool that monitors the dynamics of cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, renal, hepatic, and hematological organ function.

Date of death will be recorded for all patients who died during the study period. Rate of survival will be assessed.

assessed using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scoring [CPC 1: A return to normal cerebral function and normal living, CPC 2: Cerebral disability but sufficient function for independent activities of daily living, CPC 3: Severe disability, limited cognition, inability to carry out independent existence, CPC 4: Coma, CPC 5: Brain death

Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ) sum of 25 questions, range 0-100 assessing Forgetfulness, Distractibility, and False Triggering

Anemia

Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure

Epoetin alfa

Effect of Early Correction Of Anaemia on the Progression of Chronic Renal Insufficiency (ECAP)

avitaminosis/hypoxia

Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Improvement of Pneumonic Children

Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy (SAE) Biomarkers

Effects of Early Correction of Anemia in Patients With Chronic Renal Insufficiency

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