betaine/dental caries

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The solvatochromism of phenolate betaines: comparing different cavities of a polarized continuum model.

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Two variations of the polarized continuum model employing default ("PCM model") and SMD radii ("SMD model") were compared for the reproduction of the solvatochromic behavior of Reichardt's betaine dye, and of eight other phenolate betaines that exhibit a negative, positive or an inverted

Sulfobetaine (dimethylsulfoniopropionate) and glycine betaine show incompatible involvement in crucial Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice.

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OBJECTIVE The role of methylation reactions in cancer was examined using the methylating agents, sulfobetaine [dimethylsulfonioproponate (DMSP)], and glycine betaine (GB), in murine crucial Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for up to 10 days. RESULTS DMSP administration in EAC-bearing mice mitigated

Caries lesion remineralization with fluoride toothpastes and chlorhexidine - effects of application timing and toothpaste surfactant.

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BACKGROUND Habitual toothbrushing with fluoridated toothpaste followed by rinsing with antibacterial mouthwashes is a method to maintain good oral hygiene and to diminish the occurrence and severity of dental caries and periodontal disease. However, our understanding of how antimicrobial agents in

Effects of dietary betaine on milk yield and milk composition of mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows.

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Betaine, naturally found in plants and an oxidative product of choline, is converted to acetate in the rumen, which may be used for milk fat synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental dietary betaine on milk yield and milk composition. Eighteen Holstein dairy

Volumetric characterization of interactions of glycine betaine with protein groups.

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We report the partial molar volumes and adiabatic compressibilities of N-acetyl amino acid amides and oligoglycines at glycine betaine (GB) concentrations ranging from 0 to 4 M. We use these results to evaluate the volumetric contributions of amino acid side chains and the glycyl unit (-CH(2)CONH-)

Interactions of glycine betaine with proteins: insights from volume and compressibility measurements.

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We report the first application of volume and compressibility measurements to characterization of interactions between cosolvents (osmolytes) and globular proteins. Specifically, we measure the partial molar volumes and adiabatic compressibilities of cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, lysozyme, and

The crystal structure of a ternary complex of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Provides new insight into the reaction mechanism and shows a novel binding mode of the 2'-phosphate of NADP+ and a novel cation binding site.

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In the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the NAD(P)(+)-dependent betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (PaBADH) may play the dual role of assimilating carbon and nitrogen from choline or choline precursors--abundant at infection sites--and producing glycine betaine and NADPH, potentially protective

Cloning and molecular characterization of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the biosynthesis of glycine betaine in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

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The enzyme betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine (GB), a very efficient osmolyte accumulated during osmotic stress. In this study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for the BADH from the white shrimp

Mechanism of biosynthesis of trimethylamine oxide from choline in the teleost tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, under freshwater conditions.

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The mechanism of biosynthesis of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) from dietary precursors in the teleost tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated. Diets supplemented with quaternary ammonium choline, glycine betaine, carnitine or phosphatidylcholine were administered and significant increases in

HPLC-OPLC-MS investigation of change of formaldehyde and its generators in human teeth of different physiological stage.

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Taking into consideration the unquestionable intracellular occurrence of formaldehyde (HCHO) and its generators in cells of plant, animal and human organisms as well as in body fluids it was resolved to determine their levels in hard tissues of physiologically and pathologically changed teeth. The

Streptococcus mutans ffh, a gene encoding a homologue of the 54 kDa subunit of the signal recognition particle, is involved in resistance to acid stress.

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The ability of Streptococcus mutans, a bacterial pathogen associated with dental caries, to tolerate rapid drops in plaque pH (acidurance), is considered an important virulence factor. To study this trait, Tn917 mutants of S. mutans strain JH1005 which display acid sensitivity have been isolated and

Selective binding of choline by a phosphate-coordination-based triple helicate featuring an aromatic box.

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In nature, proteins have evolved sophisticated cavities tailored for capturing target guests selectively among competitors of similar size, shape, and charge. The fundamental principles guiding the molecular recognition, such as self-assembly and complementarity, have inspired the development of

Choline oxidases

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Choline oxidase catalyzes the four-electron, two-step, flavin-mediated oxidation of choline to glycine betaine. The enzyme is important both for medical and biotechnological reasons, because glycine betaine is one among a limited number of compatible solutes used by cells to counteract osmotic

Substitution of an active site valine uncovers a kinetically slow equilibrium between competent and incompetent forms of choline oxidase.

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The enzymatic oxidation of choline to glycine betaine is of interest because organisms accumulate glycine betaine intracellularly in response to stress conditions. This is relevant for the genetic engineering of crops with economic interest that do not naturally possess efficient pathways for the

Metabolites of alveolar Echinococcus as determined by [31P]- and [1H]-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

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[31P]-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in vivo spectra of Echinococcus multilocularis cysts growing subcutaneously in Meriones unguiculatus showed prominent signals due to phosphomonoesters (PME), phosphodiesters (PDE), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and the alpha, beta and gamma phosphate groups of

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