carcinogenesis/tobak

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A study of tobacco carcinogenesis. LI. Relative potencies of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines as inducers of lung tumours in A/J mice.

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Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) are formed from nicotine and the minor Nicotiana tabacum alkaloids during tobacco processing and tobacco smoking. The TSNA are the most abundant strong carcinogens in smokeless tobacco and in smoke. In this comparative study six TSNA and two major volatile

RNA interference (RNAi)-induced suppression of nicotine demethylase activity reduces levels of a key carcinogen in cured tobacco leaves.

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Technologies for reducing the levels of tobacco product constituents that may contribute to unwanted health effects are desired. Target compounds include tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), a class of compounds generated through the nitrosation of pyridine alkaloids during the curing and

Republished: Nicotine and health.

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Nicotine, an alkaloid derived from the leaves of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica) is the primary addictive agent in tobacco products.(1,2) There are different ways of administering the various products including smoking cigarettes, chewing tobacco, holding moist snuff in the

Conversion of nicotine to nornicotine in Nicotiana tabacum is mediated by CYP82E4, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.

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Nornicotine is a secondary tobacco alkaloid that is produced by the N-demethylation of nicotine. Nornicotine production and accumulation in tobacco are undesirable because nornicotine serves as the precursor in the synthesis of the well characterized carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine during the

A Quantitative Real-Time PCR-Based Strategy for Molecular Evaluation of Nicotine Conversion in Burley Tobacco.

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Nornicotine production in Nicotiana tabacum is undesirable because it is the precursor of the carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine. In some individual burley tobacco plants, a large proportion of the nicotine can be converted to nornicotine, and this process of nicotine conversion is mediated primarily

Nicotine and health.

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Expression of a constitutively active nitrate reductase variant in tobacco reduces tobacco-specific nitrosamine accumulation in cured leaves and cigarette smoke.

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Burley tobaccos (Nicotiana tabacum) display a nitrogen-use-deficiency phenotype that is associated with the accumulation of high levels of nitrate within the leaf, a trait correlated with production of a class of compounds referred to as tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Two TSNA species,

Contribution of Nicotine and Nornicotine toward the Production of N'-Nitrosonornicotine in Air-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).

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N'-Nitrosonornicotine (6) is a potent and organ-specific carcinogen found in tobacco and tobacco smoke in substantial amounts. Nicotine (1) and nornicotine (2) are proposed to be the precursors of 6 in tobacco. Since 1 can be rapidly demethylated to 2 in tobacco, to distinguish between the direct

Metabolite fingerprinting in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum altered by the Escherichia coli glutamate dehydrogenase gene.

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With about 200,000 phytochemicals in existence, identifying those of biomedical significance is a mammoth task. In the postgenomic era, relating metabolite fingerprints, abundances, and profiles to genotype is also a large task. Ion analysis using Fourier transformed ion cyclotron resonance mass

Heterologous Expression of Pteris vittata Arsenite Antiporter PvACR3;1 Reduces Arsenic Accumulation in Plant Shoots.

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Arsenic (As) is a toxic carcinogen so it is crucial to decrease As accumulation in crops to reduce its risk to human health. Arsenite (AsIII) antiporter ACR3 protein is critical for As metabolism in organisms, but it is lost in flowering plants. Here, a novel ACR3 gene from As-hyperaccumulator

The C-type ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter OsABCC7 Is Involved in the Root-to-Shoot Translocation of Arsenic in Rice.

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Rice is a major dietary source of inorganic arsenic (As), a nonthreshold carcinogen. Reducing As accumulation in rice grain is of critical importance for food safety. In the present study, we investigated the role of a member of the rice C-type ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (OsABCC) family,

Piper betel Linn (betel vine), the maligned Southeast Asian medicinal plant possesses cancer preventive effects: time to reconsider the wronged opinion.

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Since antiquity, Piper betel Linn (betel vine; family Piperaceae) has been an important medicinal agent in the various traditional and folk systems of medicine in Southeast Asia countries. The leaves are the most valued plant part and in the past were routinely used as a chewing agent to prevent

In vitro cytotoxicity of Nicotiana gossei leaves, used in the Australian Aboriginal smokeless tobacco known as pituri or mingkulpa.

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The Aboriginal population of Central Australia use endemic Nicotiana species to make a smokeless tobacco product known usually as pituri or mingkulpa. Nicotiana leaves are masticated with wood ash into a 'quid' that is chewed/sucked for absorption of nicotine. In addition to nicotine, smokeless

Three nicotine demethylase genes mediate nornicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum L.: functional characterization of the CYP82E10 gene.

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In most tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants, nornicotine is a relatively minor alkaloid, comprising about 2-5% of the total pyridine alkaloid pool in the mature leaf. Changes in gene expression at an unstable locus, however, can give rise to plants that produce high levels of nornicotine,

Toombak: a major risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity in Sudan.

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BACKGROUND Snuff dipping as practiced in North America and Western Europe is causally associated with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. In the Sudan, natives use local Nicotiana rustica, a tobacco species with high levels of nicotine and nornicotine, to prepare their own snuff which they call

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