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Side 1 fra 113 resultater
Protection of C. elegans from anoxia by HYL-2 ceramide synthase.
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Oxygen deprivation is rapidly deleterious for most organisms. However, Caenorhabditis elegans has developed the ability to survive anoxia for at least 48 hours. Mutations in the DAF-2/DAF-16 insulin-like signaling pathway promote such survival. We describe a pathway involving the HYL-2 ceramide
Ceramide generated by sphingomyelin hydrolysis and the salvage pathway is involved in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Bax redistribution to mitochondria in NT-2 cells.
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Ceramide functions as an important second messenger in apoptosis signaling pathways. In this report, we show that treatment of NT-2 neuronal precursor cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) resulted in ceramide up-regulation. This elevation in ceramide was primarily due to the actions of acid
TNF-alpha pretreatment prevents subsequent activation of cultured brain cells with TNF-alpha and hypoxia via ceramide.
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We have developed a cellular model in which cultured astrocytes and brain capillary endothelial cells preconditioned with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) fail to upregulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein (80% inhibition) and mRNA (30% inhibition) when challenged with
The protective effect of ceramide in immature rat brain hypoxia-ischemia involves up-regulation of bcl-2 and reduction of TUNEL-positive cells.
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Preconditioning brain with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) can induce tolerance to experimental hypoxia and stroke and ceramide is a downstream messenger in the TNF-alpha signaling pathway. A hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult in the immature rat injures brain primarily through apoptosis.
Reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria in endothelial cells exposed to reoxygenation after hypoxia and glucose depletion is mediated by ceramide.
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In endothelium, reoxygenation after hypoxia (H/R) has been shown to induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The purpose of the present study was to test the involvement of ceramide in this phenomenon. Human umbilical vein endothelial
Anoxia and reoxygenation of human endothelial cells decrease ceramide glucosyltransferase expression and activates caspases.
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Endothelial oxidative stress induces cellular activation and sometimes death. Endothelial death can occur via necrosis or apoptosis. Understanding the mechanisms involved in cellular activation and death may lead to therapeutics designed to increase death or preserve cellular function. In the
Hypoxia remodels the composition of the constituent ceramide species of HexCer and Hex2Cer with phytosphingosine and hydroxy fatty acids in human colon cancer LS174T cells.
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Oxygen-requiring enzymes, such as Δ4-desaturase (dihydroceramide desaturase), sphingolipid Δ4-desaturase/C-4-hydroxylase, and fatty acid 2-hydroxylase are involved in ceramide synthesis. We prepared free ceramides, sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from cancer cells cultivated under
Hypoxia-induced neuronal apoptosis is mediated by de novo synthesis of ceramide through activation of serine palmitoyltransferase.
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Cellular hypoxia can lead to cell death or adaptation and has important effects on development, physiology, and pathology. Here, we investigated the role and regulation of ceramide in hypoxia-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Hypoxia increased the ceramide concentration;
Adipocyte Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Promoting Adipose Ceramide Catabolism.
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Obesity-induced adipose dysfunction is a major contributor to atherosclerosis. Cold exposure has been reported to affect atherosclerosis through regulation of adipose function, but the mechanism has not been well clarified. Here, adipocyte hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) was upregulated after
Fenretinide cytotoxicity for Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor cell lines is decreased by hypoxia and synergistically enhanced by ceramide modulators.
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Patients with disseminated Ewing's family of tumors (ESFT) often experience drug-resistant relapse. We hypothesize that targeting minimal residual disease with the cytotoxic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR; fenretinide) may decrease relapse. We determined the following: (a) 4-HPR
Ceramide synthase is essential for endonuclease-mediated death of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation.
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Ceramide is known to play a role in the cell signaling pathway involved in apoptosis. Most studies suggest that enhanced ceramide generation is the result of hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinases. However, the role of ceramide synthase in enhanced ceramide generation has not been
Unsaturation of very-long-chain ceramides protects plant from hypoxia-induced damages by modulating ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Lipid remodeling is crucial for hypoxic tolerance in animals, whilst little is known about the hypoxia-induced lipid dynamics in plants. Here we performed a mass spectrometry-based analysis to survey the lipid profiles of Arabidopsis rosettes under various hypoxic conditions. We observed that
New role for ceramide in hypoxia and insulin resistance
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Ceramides are significant metabolic products of sphingolipids in lipid metabolism and are associated with insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. In chronic inflammatory pathological conditions, hypoxia occurs, the metabolism of ceramide changes, and insulin resistance arises. Hypoxia-inducible
[The role of ceramides in selected brain pathologies: ischemia/hypoxia, Alzheimer disease].
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Ceramides, members of the sphingolipids, are produced in the central nervous system by de novo synthesis, sphingomyelin hydrolysis or the so-called salvage pathway. They are engaged in formation of lipid rafts that are essential in regulation and transduction of signals coming to the cell from the
Cell biology. Ceramides--friend or foe in hypoxia?
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