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Imaging of brain dopamine pathways: implications for understanding obesity.
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Obesity is typically associated with abnormal eating behaviors. Brain imaging studies in humans implicate the involvement of dopamine (DA)-modulated circuits in pathologic eating behavior(s). Food cues increase striatal extracellular DA, providing evidence for the involvement of DA in the nonhedonic
Inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake produces additive effects on energy balance in lean and obese mice.
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Although originally developed as an antidepressant, long-term bupropion (BUP) treatment was recently shown to cause 5-8% weight loss over placebo in clinical trials with obese adults. BUP's antidepressant properties probably stem from its ability to increase extracellular brain dopamine (DA) and
Childhood obesity and the role of dopamine D2 receptor and cannabinoid receptor-1 gene polymorphisms.
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OBJECTIVE
The dopaminergic and endocannabinoid systems are involved in regulation of feeding behavior. The aim of the study is to examine the possible relation between polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) genes and childhood obesity.
METHODS
A hundred
Correlation of the Taq1 dopamine D2 receptor gene and percent body fat in obese and screened control subjects: a preliminary report.
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While there is a considerable body of literature correlating the role of dopaminergic genes and obesity, body mass index, body type, overeating, carbohydrate binging, energy expenditure and low dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) receptor density, there is a paucity of research concerning the dopamine D2
Altered basal and stimulated accumbens dopamine release in obese OLETF rats as a function of age and diabetic status.
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The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat lacking the CCK-1 receptor is hyperphagic, prefers palatable and high-calorie meals, and gradually develops obesity and type 2 diabetes. To determine dopamine levels in this strain, we used in vivo quantitative (no net flux) microdialysis at three
Urine dopamine in starving obese subjects.
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In seven obese female subjects undergoing a period of therapeutic starvation, the excretion of sodium, potassium and dopamine and plasma levels of renin and aldosterone were measured. Sodium excretion increased during starvation and was maximal on the 2nd day. The urinary excretion of dopamine was
Association of genetic polymorphisms of glutamate decarboxylase 2 and the dopamine D2 receptor with obesity in Taiwanese subjects.
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OBJECTIVE
It has been proposed that glutamate decarboxylase 2 and the dopamine D2 receptor are involved in the brain reward cascade to increase carbohydrate craving and cause eating disorders. We investigated the association between the polymorphisms of the GAD2 and DRD2 genes and obesity with a
Maternal high-fat diet and obesity impact palatable food intake and dopamine signaling in nonhuman primate offspring.
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OBJECTIVE
To utilize a nonhuman primate model to examine the impact of maternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and pre-pregnancy obesity on offspring intake of palatable food and to examine whether maternal HFD consumption impaired development of the dopamine system, critical for the regulation of
Pre-existing differences and diet-induced alterations in striatal dopamine systems of obesity-prone rats.
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OBJECTIVE
Interactions between pre-existing differences in mesolimbic function and neuroadaptations induced by consumption of fatty, sugary foods are thought to contribute to human obesity. This study examined basal and cocaine-induced changes in striatal neurotransmitter levels without diet
Dopamine D2 receptors contribute to increased avidity for sucrose in obese rats lacking CCK-1 receptors.
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Accumulating evidence has indicated a link between dopamine signaling and obesity in both animals and humans. We have recently demonstrated heightened avidity to sapid sweet solutions in the obese cholecystokinin (CCK)-1 receptor deficient Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rat. To
Elevated CSF serotonin and dopamine metabolite levels in overweight subjects.
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OBJECTIVE
Neurotransmitter systems participate in the regulation of food intake, and their activities are expected to influence eating behavior.
METHODS
We investigated possible associations between body mass index (BMI) and central noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine activities, as reflected by
Diet-induced obesity: dopamine transporter function, impulsivity and motivation.
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OBJECTIVE
A rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) was used to determine dopamine transporter (DAT) function, impulsivity and motivation as neurobehavioral outcomes and predictors of obesity.
METHODS
To evaluate neurobehavioral alterations following the development of DIO induced by an 8-week
Impact of brown rice-specific γ-oryzanol on epigenetic modulation of dopamine D2 receptors in brain striatum in high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice.
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Overeating of dietary fats causes obesity in humans and rodents. Recent studies in humans and rodents have demonstrated that addiction to fats shares a common mechanism with addiction to alcohol, nicotine and narcotics in terms of a dysfunction of brain reward systems. It has been highlighted that a
A meta-analysis of the relationship between brain dopamine receptors and obesity: a matter of changes in behavior rather than food addiction?
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Addiction to a wide range of substances of abuse has been suggested to reflect a 'Reward Deficiency Syndrome'. That is, drugs are said to stimulate the reward mechanisms so intensely that, to compensate, the population of dopamine D2 receptors (DD2R) declines. The result is that an increased intake
Childhood inattention and dysphoria and adult obesity associated with the dopamine D4 receptor gene in overeating women with seasonal affective disorder.
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There is significant evidence that altered dopamine activity plays a role in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The current study examined three separate genetic hypotheses for SAD related to the 7-repeat allele (7R) of the dopamine-4 receptor gene (DRD4), a variant associated with decreased
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