The control meal will be a standard OGT test containing 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL of water followed by 100 mL water.

The test meal contains 100 g of the buckwheat beverage and 75 g glucose dissolved in 300 mL water followed by 100 mL water.

Healthy

Type2 Diabetes

The effect of a buckwheat beverage on postprandial glucose metabolism in healthy individuals and those with T2D controlled by medication and diet will be studied.

Dietary Intervention

Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen

Assessing the Effects of a Buckwheat Beverage on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism on Healthy and T2D Individuals

Postprandial blood glucose levels after acute consumption of a buckwheat beverage, recording the maximum blood glucose concentration (c max) over the baseline after the consumption of a buckwheat beverage.

Area under the curve described by the postprandial glucose level during five hours time

Post prandial blood insulin levels after acute consumption of a buckwheat beverage. AUC (area under curve) for insulin for five hour interval.

Plasma concentration of key bioactives (inositols and fagomines)

Urine ratio of myo and D-chiro inositol after the consumption of a buckwheat beverage.

Glucose concentration in urine after the consumption of a buckwheat beverage.

University of Aberdeen

NHS Grampian

Three groups ; healthy volunteers, individuals with T2D controlled by medication and individuals with T2D controlled by diet and lifestyle only. All groups follow same interventions assigned randomly.

A raw, plant-based diet was prescribed for 4 weeks.

Hypertension

Elevated Cholesterol

Overweight and Obesity

Subjects consumed a raw, vegan diet for 4-weeks with an emphasis on raw fruit and vegetable consumption.

Montgomery Heart & Wellness

Effects of a 4-week Raw, Plant-based Diet on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

A 4-week Defined, Raw, Plant-based Diet Improves Anthropometric, Hemodynamic, and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Weight (kg) was documented at baseline and during 4 additional weekly follow-up visits

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) was documented at baseline and during 4 additional weekly follow-up visits

Heart rate (beats/min) was documented at baseline and during 4 additional weekly follow-up visits

Waist circumference (cm) was documented at baseline and during 4 additional weekly follow-up visits

Serum total cholesterol (mg/dL) was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

Serum HDL (mg/dL) was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

Triglycerides mg/dL was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

Insulin (uU/mL) was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

Serum glucose (mg/dL) was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

HgA1c (%) was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

CRP (mg/L) was documented at baseline and after 4-weeks

Rami Najjar

Student

Texas Woman's University

Product tests prepared with olives flour, buckwheat flour, pea flour, chestnut flour, oil chemical leavening agents, salt, sucrose. Baked

Product control prepared with wheat flour, oil, chemical leavening agents, salt, sucrose. Baked

Hypercholesterolemia

A daily dose of about 90 gram will be given for 8 weeks

PreBIOil

Control

Casa di Cura Eremo

Centro Ricerca Innovazione Fondazione Edmund Mach

Measuring the Impact of Dietary Supplementation With a New Baking Product on Gut Microbiota and Cholesterol Metabolism

Measuring the Impact of Dietary Supplementation With New Baking Product PreBIOil on Gut Microbiota and Cholesterol Metabolism

Faecal microbiota analysis by FISH and 454 Roche pyrosequencing

Analysis of total, LDL, HDL cholesterol in plasma

Analysis of plasma levels of triglycerides

Apolipoprotein ApoA-I, ApoB, and Lp (a) analysis in plasma

Analysis of the variation of the anthropometric indices

Analysis of the polyphenols secondary metabolites in human biofluids

Measuring profiles of metabolites in plasma and urine assessed by analysis of mass spectrometry (MS)

Meauring the profiles of metabolites in plasma assessed by analysis of mass spectrometry (MS)

fagopyrum gracilipedoides/antimykotikum

Assessing the Effects of a Buckwheat Beverage on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism on Healthy and T2D Individuals

Effects of a 4-week Raw, Plant-based Diet on Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Measuring the Impact of Dietary Supplementation With a New Baking Product on Gut Microbiota and Cholesterol Metabolism

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