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filariasis/carbohydrate
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Human bancroftian filariasis - a role for antibodies to parasite carbohydrates.
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Studies on immune responses to parasites have been undertaken in filariasis with a view to understand protective immunity, pathogenesis of the disease process and mechanisms of immune deviation. However none of the investigations conducted so far on antibody responses have addressed the issue of
Lack of IgG4 antibody response to carbohydrate antigens in patients with lymphatic filariasis.
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It has been suggested that humans are genetically restricted from making IgG4 antibody responses to carbohydrate antigens. To test this hypothesis we examined sera from 35 patients with bancroftian filariasis (an infection known to induce very high levels of IgG4 antibodies to the parasite and known
Carbohydrate polymer inspired silver nanoparticles for filaricidal and mosquitocidal activities: A comprehensive view.
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The carbohydrate polymer inspired silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are designed and synthesized through ultrasound assisted green process using unique combination of a biomolecule (tyrosine) and a natural polymer (starch). A comprehensive mechanistic study on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated
Antibodies to microfilarial sheath in bancroftian filariasis--prevalence and characterization.
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Antibodies directed towards the sheaths of microfilariae have been implicated in the elimination of circulating microfilariae, both in experimental and human filariasis. In the present study antisheath antibodies have been detected in human sera by indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) using fixed
Identification and characterization of Loa loa antigens responsible for cross-reactivity with rapid diagnostic tests for lymphatic filariasis.
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The Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) relies on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to determine where annual mass drug administration for LF is required and when it can be stopped. These tests detect a Wuchereria bancrofti glycoprotein in the blood of infected persons via a
Antigenemia is associated with low antibody response to carbohydrate determinants of a filarial surface antigen.
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The IgG response to a filarial surface antigen (DssdI) was evaluated in circulating antigen (Og4C3 test) positive and negative individuals from the Wuchereria bancrofti endemic region of Orissa, India. Circulating filarial antigen (CFA) positive individuals exhibited depressed antibody levels to
Biolarvicidal compound gymnemagenol isolated from leaf extract of miracle fruit plant, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult against malaria and filariasis vectors.
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Owing to the fact that the application of synthetic larvicide has envenomed the surroundings as well as non-target organisms, natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties have been tried as an indigenous method for the control of a variety of insect pests and vectors in the recent
Vector immunity to filariasis: new potential for disease control?
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These experiments describe investigations into the mode of microfilarial killing in the haemocoel of immune Aedes aegypti and Simulium ornatum. Antibody blocking experiments indicate that sarcotoxin IIA-like and sarcolectin-like molecules maybe involved. The use of carbohydrate in the infecting
Brugia malayi galectin 2 is a tandem-repeat type galectin capable of binding mammalian polysaccharides.
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Galectins are among the most abundant excretory/secretory (ES) products of filarial worms, but their role in filarial biology is poorly understood. Galectin-2 (Lec-2), a major component of Brugia malayi extracellular vesicles, is released by filarial worms, and was recently identified in the serum
Antigenicity and specificity of very low molecular weight Onchocerca volvulus polypeptides in the range 2.2-12.5 kD.
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Onchocerca volvulus polypeptides in the molecular mass range of 2.2 to 12.5 kD were separated by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and the serological recognition of these very low molecular weight antigens (VLMW-OvAg) was then investigated by immuno-blotting. Sera from 21 onchocerciasis patients as well as from 53
Detection of enzymes dehydrogenases and proteases inBrugia malayi filarial parasites.
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Lymphatic filariasis caused mainly by infection fromW. bancrofti andB. malayi remains a major cause of clinical morbidity in tropical and subtropical countries. Analysis ofB. malayi mf, infective larval and adult worm lysates for the activity of enzymes led to the demonstration of activities of
Antigenic glycans in parasitic infections: implications for vaccines and diagnostics.
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Infections by parasitic protozoans and helminths are a major world-wide health concern, but no vaccines exist to the major human parasitic diseases, such as malaria, African trypanosomiasis, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis. Recent studies on a number of parasites
Ontogenetic transformation of surface epitope expression, an adaptive immunoevasive strategy of filarial parasites.
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Filarial nematodes are highly successful in invading, persisting and propagating in human body and eliciting severe ailments. The exact mechanism by which, filarial nematodes evade the host immunity is still ill-defined. The present investigation on the surface antigens of S. digitata revealed the
Gender-associated genes in filarial nematodes are important for reproduction and potential intervention targets.
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BACKGROUND
A better understanding of reproductive processes in parasitic nematodes may lead to development of new anthelmintics and control strategies for combating disabling and disfiguring neglected tropical diseases such as lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. Transcriptomatic analysis has
Antifilarials and their mode of action.
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Diethylcarbamazine and suramin are the drugs of choice for the control of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis respectively. Benzimidazoles, ivermectin, furapyrimidone, and isothiocyanates and their derivatives emerge as compounds of potential clinical interest as antifilarials.
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