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glucuronic acid/nekrose
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The tumor necrosis factor-inducing potency of lipopolysaccharide and uronic acid polymers is increased when they are covalently linked to particles.
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polymers of the uronic acid family stimulate monocytes to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The TNF-inducing potency of these polysaccharides may depend on their supramolecular configuration. In this study detoxified LPS and uronic acid polymers have been covalently
Emodin‑8‑O‑glucuronic acid, from the traditional Chinese medicine qinghuobaiduyin, affects the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in LPS‑stimulated raw 264.7 cells via HSP70.
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Qinghuobaiduyin (QHBDY) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has an opsonization effect on the immune system. However, which chemical compound in QHBDY underlies the therapeutic effect remains to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of emodin‑8‑O‑glucuronic
Evidence for the involvement of carbohydrate moieties in the adhesion of U937 cells to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-stimulated vascular endothelium in vitro.
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Treatment of U937 cells with fructose 1-phosphate (P) and fucoidan dose-dependently inhibited the adhesion of these monocytic cells to TNF alpha-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) (IC50 = 1 mM and 10 micrograms/ml respectively). These carbohydrates (CHO) failed to inhibit U937
Characterization and cytokine stimulating activities of heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis.
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Three heteroglycans, T1a, T1b, and T1c, have been isolated from the body of Tremella fuciformis Berk. They are composed of mannose (Man), xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glc), fucose (Fuc), and glucuronic acid (GlcA). According to methylation analysis and partial acidic hydrolysis the main chains of T1a,
Structural Features of Three Hetero-Galacturonans from Passiflora foetida Fruits and Their in Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects.
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Passiflora foetida is a horticultural plant and vital traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In our previous study, the characterization and immuno-enhancing effect of fruits polysaccharide 1 (PFP1), a water-eluted hetero-mannan from wild Passiflora foetida fruits, were investigated.
Physicochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides Extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum.
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Polysaccharides from Ascophyllum nodosum (AnPS) were extracted and purified via an optimized protocol. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time of 4.3 h, extraction temperature of 84 °C and ratio (v/w, mL/g) of extraction solvent (water) to raw material of 27. The resulting
Characterization and cytokine-stimulating activities of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis.
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Four acidic heteroglycans, T2a-T2d, were isolated from the body of Tremella fuciformis Berk. They contained 1.9%-2.9% of acetyl groups and were composed of mannose (Man), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and small amounts of xylose (Xyl), glucose (Glc), and fucose (Fuc). According to methylation analysis
Characterization and macrophage immunomodulatory activity of two polysaccharides from the flowers of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.
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Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. has a long history of cultivation in China and its flower possesses high nutritional and medicinal value. Characterization and macrophage immunomodulatory activity of the two polysaccharides from the flowers of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., PSAP-1 and PSAP-2, purified by
Anti-inflammatory effects of low molecular weight heparin derivative in a rat model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy.
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Low molecular weight heparin derivatives are characterized by low anti-coagulant activity and marked anti-inflammatory effects that allow for these molecules to be viewed as a new class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We show here that K5NOSepiLMW, an O-sulphated heparin-like
In vitro antioxidant and immunostimulating activities of polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba leaves.
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Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs) are used as herbal dietary supplements and medicine worldwide. In this study, crude GBL polysaccharides (GBPSs) were extracted and further purified on a DEAE (diethylaminoethanol) Sepharose Fast Flow column to obtain GBPS-2 and GBPS-3. The molecular weights of GBPS-2 and
Multiple therapeutic effects of adjunctive baicalin therapy in experimental bacterial meningitis.
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This study aimed to examine effects of adjunctive baicalin therapy to ampicillin for experimental bacterial meningitis in rabbits. After Escherichia Coli inoculation, mean leukocyte counts, concentrations of protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lactate in
Sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside is a ligand for T cell adhesion: regulation of sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside expression via nuclear factor kappaB signaling.
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Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta stimulate glucuronosyltransferase genes (S and P) in endothelial cells (ECs) and up-regulate sulfoglucuronosyl paragloboside (SGPG) expression, which serves as a ligand for T cell adhesion. However, the
Characterisation of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis Berk with cytokine stimulating activity.
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Four kinds of acidic heteroglycan, T3a-T3d, were isolated from the body of the fungus Tremella fuciformis Berk. The molecular weights of T3a-T3d were 550, 420, 55, and 48 kDa, respectively. Glycosidic linkage analysis showed that they had a mannan backbone consisting of 3-linked Man p, and side
Modulation of benzo[a]pyrene bioactivation by glucuronidation in lymphocytes and hepatic microsomes from rats with a hereditary deficiency in bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.
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UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) play a major role in the elimination of nucleophilic metabolites of xenobiotics, such the phenols and quinols of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (BP). In this way, UGTs may prevent the further oxidation of such metabolites to toxic
Mechanisms of fasting-induced potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat.
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The effects of an acute fast on acetaminophen metabolism and hepatotoxicity were investigated in male Long Evans Hooded rats. Histologic studies confirmed that fasting potentiated acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. The previous known fasting-induced decrease in hepatic levels of glutathione and
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