glycine betaine/dental caries

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Sulfobetaine (dimethylsulfoniopropionate) and glycine betaine show incompatible involvement in crucial Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice.

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OBJECTIVE The role of methylation reactions in cancer was examined using the methylating agents, sulfobetaine [dimethylsulfonioproponate (DMSP)], and glycine betaine (GB), in murine crucial Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) for up to 10 days. RESULTS DMSP administration in EAC-bearing mice mitigated

Volumetric characterization of interactions of glycine betaine with protein groups.

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We report the partial molar volumes and adiabatic compressibilities of N-acetyl amino acid amides and oligoglycines at glycine betaine (GB) concentrations ranging from 0 to 4 M. We use these results to evaluate the volumetric contributions of amino acid side chains and the glycyl unit (-CH(2)CONH-)

Interactions of glycine betaine with proteins: insights from volume and compressibility measurements.

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We report the first application of volume and compressibility measurements to characterization of interactions between cosolvents (osmolytes) and globular proteins. Specifically, we measure the partial molar volumes and adiabatic compressibilities of cytochrome c, ribonuclease A, lysozyme, and

Cloning and molecular characterization of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the biosynthesis of glycine betaine in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

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The enzyme betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine (GB), a very efficient osmolyte accumulated during osmotic stress. In this study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA for the BADH from the white shrimp

Mechanism of biosynthesis of trimethylamine oxide from choline in the teleost tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, under freshwater conditions.

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The mechanism of biosynthesis of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) from dietary precursors in the teleost tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was investigated. Diets supplemented with quaternary ammonium choline, glycine betaine, carnitine or phosphatidylcholine were administered and significant increases in

Streptococcus mutans ffh, a gene encoding a homologue of the 54 kDa subunit of the signal recognition particle, is involved in resistance to acid stress.

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The ability of Streptococcus mutans, a bacterial pathogen associated with dental caries, to tolerate rapid drops in plaque pH (acidurance), is considered an important virulence factor. To study this trait, Tn917 mutants of S. mutans strain JH1005 which display acid sensitivity have been isolated and

Selective binding of choline by a phosphate-coordination-based triple helicate featuring an aromatic box.

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In nature, proteins have evolved sophisticated cavities tailored for capturing target guests selectively among competitors of similar size, shape, and charge. The fundamental principles guiding the molecular recognition, such as self-assembly and complementarity, have inspired the development of

Choline oxidases

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Choline oxidase catalyzes the four-electron, two-step, flavin-mediated oxidation of choline to glycine betaine. The enzyme is important both for medical and biotechnological reasons, because glycine betaine is one among a limited number of compatible solutes used by cells to counteract osmotic

Substitution of an active site valine uncovers a kinetically slow equilibrium between competent and incompetent forms of choline oxidase.

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The enzymatic oxidation of choline to glycine betaine is of interest because organisms accumulate glycine betaine intracellularly in response to stress conditions. This is relevant for the genetic engineering of crops with economic interest that do not naturally possess efficient pathways for the

A biomimetic heteroditopic receptor for zwitterions in protic media.

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The efficient synthesis of calix[6]cryptothiourea 6 was achieved through a two-step sequence that involves a key [1+1] macrocyclization step. It was shown by NMR spectroscopy that this heteroditopic receptor can bind zwitterions in protic media with an outstanding selectivity for β-alanine betaine

The positive role of voids in the plasma membrane in growth and energetics of Escherichia coli.

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Bacterial respiration, endogenous as well as induced respiration by glucose, lactose and glycine betaine, was found to be sensitive to external solute concentration. Permeability of hydrogen peroxide, a non-electrolyte of molecular size between water and urea, through the bacterial membranes changed

Excluded volume contribution to cosolvent-mediated modulation of macromolecular folding and binding reactions.

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Water-miscible cosolvents may stabilize or destabilize proteins, nucleic acids, and their complexes or may exert no influence. The mode of action of a specific cosolvent is determined by the interplay between the excluded volume effect and direct solute-cosolvent interactions. Excluded volume refers

Effect of cosolvent on protein stability: a theoretical investigation.

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We developed a statistical thermodynamic algorithm for analyzing solvent-induced folding/unfolding transitions of proteins. The energetics of protein transitions is governed by the interplay between the cavity formation contribution and the term reflecting direct solute-cosolvent interactions. The

Structural and functional characterization of plant aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase from Pisum sativum with a broad specificity for natural and synthetic aminoaldehydes.

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Aminoaldehyde dehydrogenases (AMADHs, EC 1.2.1.19) belong to the large aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily, namely, the ALDH9 family. They oxidize polyamine-derived omega-aminoaldehydes to the corresponding omega-amino acids. Here, we report the first X-ray structures of plant AMADHs: two

Role of Glu312 in binding and positioning of the substrate for the hydride transfer reaction in choline oxidase.

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Choline oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine, a compatible solute that accumulates in pathogenic bacteria and plants so they can withstand osmotic and temperature stresses. The crystal structure of choline oxidase was determined and refined to a resolution of 1.86 A with

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