Order of treatments:
A. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and sunflower oil B. High saturated fat meal, blueberry powder and sunflower oil C. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and DHA

Order of treatments:
A. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and sunflower oil C. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and DHA B. High saturated fat meal, blueberry powder and sunflower oil

Order of treatments:
B. High saturated fat meal, blueberry powder and sunflower oil A. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and sunflower oil C. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and DHA

Order of treatments:
B. High saturated fat meal, blueberry powder and sunflower oil C. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and DHA A. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and sunflower oil

Order of treatments:
C. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and DHA B. High saturated fat meal, blueberry powder and sunflower oil A. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and sunflower oil

Order of treatments:
C. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and DHA A. High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and sunflower oil B. High saturated fat meal, blueberry powder and sunflower oil

Inflammation

High saturated fat meal with a blueberry flavored shake and sunflower oil

High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and sunflower oil

High saturated fat meal with blueberry powder shake and sunflower oil

High saturated fat meal, blueberry powder and sunflower oil

High saturated fat meal with a blueberry flavored shake and DHA

High saturated fat meal, placebo powder and DHA

USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

Suppression of Postprandial Monocyte Activation by Blueberries or Docosahexaenoic Acid in Humans

Suppression of Postprandial Monocyte Activation by Fruit Rich in Anti-inflammatory Polyphenols or Docosahexaenoic Acid in Humans

Change in monocyte activation using monocyte activation assay in whole blood.

Surface markers for monocyte activation will be measured by flow cytometry. Surface markers may include cluster of differentiation (CD) 14 (CD14), CD11c, CD11b and CD62 Ligand (CD62L) to assess monocyte activation and M1 and M2 macrophage marker proteins.

Inflammatory mediators measured in whole blood or blood plasma. Inflammatory mediators include cytokines such as Interleukin-1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Th1, Th2 and Th17.

The magnitude of the inhibition of cytokine production after 24 hour incubation of whole blood by endotoxin inhibitor, polymyxin B (PMB), is measured as an indirect assessment of endotoxin concentration. Cytokine concentrations in whole blood after 24 hour incubation with lipoprotein lipase and PMB is used to assess whether increased concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and saturated fatty acids stimulate cytokine production.

Gene expression measured using RNA sequencing

Lipids, total non-esterified fatty acids, and individual fatty acids measured in blood

Endothelial function measurements will be made using the EndoPAT system, a noninvasive endothelial function assessment tool based on peripheral arterial tone (PAT) signal technology. The change in arterial tone is elicited by creating a hyperemic response induced by local ischemia (by occlusion of the brachial artery for five minutes). The endothelial function is expressed as a Reactive Hyperemia Index as described in the manufacturer's manual.

USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center

University of California, Davis

Rhinitis

Sinusitis

Nasal Polyps

Hillel Yaffe Medical Center

The Clinical Efficacy of Topical Nasal Pomegranate Fruit Extract for Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

The Clinical Efficacy of Topical Nasal Pomegranate Fruit Extract (PFE) for Patients With Chronic Rhinitis, Chronic Sinusitis With or Without Nasal Polyps

luteolin/kræft

Suppression of Postprandial Monocyte Activation by Blueberries or Docosahexaenoic Acid in Humans

The Clinical Efficacy of Topical Nasal Pomegranate Fruit Extract for Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

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