Routine physiotherapy program + Plyometric training with blood flow restriction, 3 days a week for 8 weeks Jump in functional squat system (30+15+15+15= 75 rep) Lunge jump (30 rep) Side jump (30 rep) Box jump (15 rep) Exercises to be added after 4 weeks; Square jump (15 rep) One leg hop (15 rep)

Routine physiotherapy program + Plyometric training 3 days a week for 8 weeks Jump in functional squat system (30+15+15+15= 75 rep) Lunge jump (30 rep) Side jump (30 rep) Box jump (15 rep) Exercises to be added after 4 weeks; Square jump (15 rep) One leg hop (15 rep)

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

Atrophy

Muscle Weakness

Blood flow restriction training is an exercise protocol based on the method of limiting blood flow with external pressure by pneumatic tourniquet from the proximal of the muscle to be strengthened. Blood flow restriction (Occlusion) during pliometric exercises for 8 weeks, a pneumatic tourniquet (Kaatsu Master) proximal to the thigh will be applied to each patient within a safe pressure range. The pressure to be applied to the patient will be calculated with the following formula described in the literature.
Pressure = 0.5 x (systolic blood pressure) + 2 x (thigh circumference) + 5 Application will be done for a maximum of 15 minutes, then rest for 10-15 minutes and other exercises will continue.
Plyometric training with blood flow restriction. Jump in functional squat system (30+15+15+15= 75 rep) Lunge jump (30 rep) Side jump (30 rep) Box jump (15 rep) Exercises to be added after 4 weeks; Square jump (15 rep) One leg hop (15 rep)

Plyometric exercise with blood flow restriction

Plyometric training Jump in functional squat system (30+15+15+15= 75 rep) Lunge jump (30 rep) Side jump (30 rep) Box jump (15 rep) Exercises to be added after 4 weeks; Square jump (15 rep) One leg hop (15 rep)

Plyometric exercise

Anterior and lateral plan exercise (3x10 rep) Open kinetic quadriceps and hamstring strengthening exercise (3x10 rep) Lunge exercises on different ground (3x10 rep) Single leg squat exercise on different ground (3x10 rep) Anterior and lateral walking exercise in a squatting position with an exercise band (40 step) Balance and proprioceptive exercises

Routine physiotherapy program

Hacettepe University, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Patient With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Effect of Plyometric Training With Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Strength and Function After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Thickness of rectus femoris, vastus medialis obliques, vastus lateralis muscles and cross-sectional area of rectus femoris were measured using a B-mode ultrasound device with a 9L4 linear probe before and after plyometric training.

Quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength (isometric, concentric and eccentric) were evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer (IsoMed2000 D&R GmbH, Germany) before and plyometric training.

The assessment leg was positioned closest to the wall. The point where the patient reached out with his hand in elbow extension was marked. Then, the patients were standing on assessment foot, one foot length away from the wall. They jumped vertically and made a mark on the wall with a marker. The distance between the patient's jump and touch point and the starting point was measured with tape. This test was performed three times for each leg, and the average of the three values was calculated. The VJT uses the limb symmetry index for VJT calculated as ([reconstructed limb-hop distance/ contralateral limb-hop distance] x 100).

Participants stood on one leg with toes behind a mark on the floor and performed one hop as far as possible along a straight line, landing on the same foot. The test started with the uninvolved limb followed by the involved limb. The distance in centimeter was measured. This test was performed three times for each leg, and the average of the three values was calculated. The OLHT uses the limb symmetry index for OLHT calculated as ([reconstructed limb-hop distance/ contralateral limb-hop distance] x 100).

Participants stood on one leg with toes behind a mark on the floor and performed triple hop as far as possible along a straight line, landing on the same foot. The test started with the uninvolved limb followed by the involved limb. The distance in centimeter was measured. This test was performed three times for each leg, and the average of the three values was calculated. The SLTHT uses the limb symmetry index for SLTHT calculated as ([reconstructed limb-hop distance/ contralateral limb-hop distance] x 100).

The dynamic balances of the individuals were evaluated with the Y balance test (Modified Star Excursion Balance Test, SEBT). The test was carried out with a Y balance test kit consisting of three pipes marked with a distance in cm, with the front pipe and other pipes 135 ° and the pipes 90 ° from the back. Before the evaluation, the test was shown to the participant once and they were given a chance to try in all 3 directions. The test started with the uninvolved leg followed by the involved leg. The test was repeated 3 times in all directions and the mean was recorded. The average scores were divided by the leg length of the individual (the distance between the sipina iliaca anterior superior and the medial malleol), multiplied by 100 and recorded to normalize the reach distances in all directions.

IKDC, a valid and reliable measure for ACL injury and ACLR (ICC = 0.91), contains ten items related to knee symptoms in addition to daily and sports activities. Scores range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating less disability.

The Turkish version of the KOOS scale (ICC> 0.75), a valid reliable measurement, was used to evaluate pain, functional status, daily life activity and quality of life. The scale has 5 subtitles: pain, daily life activities, sports and leisure activities, functional status and string-related quality of life. Each subtest is scored between 0 and 100. The higher score indicates better knee function.

The Turkish validity and reliability study Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale was used to evaluate individuals' fear and avoidance of movement. The test is calculated by 17-point Likert scoring. The individual scores between 17-68 and as the score increases, the level of kinesiophobia increases.

The Turkish version of the ACL-RSI scale was used to evaluate individuals' return to sports rate. The scale consisting of 12 questions, scored between 0-10 according to the visual analog scale; emotions consist of performance self-confidence and risk assessment subtitles. High scores show the subjective perception of individuals about returning to sports

There is not a plan to make IPD available

SERDAR DEMIRCI

Research Assistant

Hacettepe University

All patients will be submitted to bilateral phrenic nerve block on its cervical portion.

Respiratory Failure

Mechanical Ventilation

Using an ultrasound and a nerve stimulator, the phrenic nerve will be identified and low-dose lidocaine will be administered perineurally.

Lidocaine

Hospital das Clínicas - Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo

Phrenic Nerve Block to Mitigate Self-inflicted Lung Injury

Feasibility of Phrenic Nerve Block to Mitigate Self-inflicted Lung Injury in ARF Patients Under Mechanical Ventilation on Spontaneous Breathing

Tidal volume or transpulmonary pressure measured using EIT, Servo-I and an esophageal balloon

Tidal volume, pendellfut and asynchronies measured by EIT

Patients will be monitored until full recover of inspiratory effort or diaphragm electrical activity

Esophageal pressure using an esophageal catheter

University of Sao Paulo General Hospital

All patients will be submitted to the same procedures. There will be no between-group comparisons.

Patients included in the 'stimulated' group will be stimulated at the level of the quadriceps twice a day, bilaterally and simultaneously, five days per week from Monday to Friday (Stimulator: Gymna Belgium, DUO 400). The stimulation protocol (rectified alternating current; frequency, 75 Hz; intensity, 0-80 mA; pulse duration, 350 microseconds) is the one proposed by the manufacturer for atrophy prevention. The intensity of the electrical current will be gradually increased, without exceeding 80mA or the pain threshold of the patient.

Polyneuropathy

Gymna Belgium, DUO 400 (Neuromuscular electrical stimulation)

CHU Brugmann

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in the Critically Ill

The duration of ventilatory support is defined as the time in days, during which the patient requires invasive media type (continuous or not, intubation or tracheotomy and need the help of the respirator) or noninvasive (discontinuous or CPAP NIV (continuous positive airway pressure, noninvasive ventilation)- dependence). This will be assessed during the entire length of stay of the patient inside the intensive care unit (ICU).

Back to home or to a specialized long term care structure

The quadriceps muscle mass will be assessed using an ultrasound system (PHILIPS, VIVIDS5).

The "Grip Test" involves measuring the grip force developed by the hand of the patient, using a dynamometer (Neugen Medicals MODEL EH 101). This test will be conducted as soon as possible aka when the patient has -1 ≤ RASS ≤ 1, is sufficiently collaborating and little sedated.

The "Grip Test" involves measuring the grip force developed by the hand of the patient, using a dynamometer (Neugen Medicals MODEL EH 101). This test will be performed on the day the patient is discharged from the intensive care unit.

The bike (Neugen Medicals MODEL EH 101) is a true "bike room" which facilitates active and passive mobilization of bedridden patients and allows, among other things, to measure the force developed by the patients and the ratio between active and passive labor work.This test will be conducted as soon as possible aka when the patient has -1 ≤ RASS ≤ 1, is sufficiently collaborating and little sedated.

The bike (Neugen Medicals MODEL EH 101) is a true "bike room" which facilitates active and passive mobilization of bedridden patients and allows, among other things, to measure the force developed by the patients and the ratio between active and passive labor work.This will be measured at patient discharge from ICU

The Electrical conduction of nerves fibula will be assessed to detect nerve damage. A positive test will involve a complete electrophysiological monitoring by a specialist.

This simple functional test was developed to measure the functional abilities of patients severely debilitated that are found in the ICU. It consists in assessing four different levels of physical ability: the bending force of the shoulder and knee extension in sitting position, measured with the Oxford scale; the level of assistance needed to move from a sitting position to a standing position; and the ability to stand and walk on site. Patients will be tested as soon as possible aka when the patient has: -1 ≤ RASS ≤ 1, is sufficiently collaborating and not heavily sedated.

This simple functional test was developed to measure the functional abilities of patients severely debilitated that are found in the ICU. It consists in assessing four different levels of physical ability: the bending force of the shoulder and knee extension in sitting position, measured with the Oxford scale; the level of assistance needed to move from a sitting position to a standing position; and the ability to stand and walk on site.

The 6-minute walk test is a validated and commonly used test to assess submaximal functional capacity; the test is conducted according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society.

The MOS SF-36 questionnaire will be proposed to patients on the day of hospital discharge and one year after the day of admission to the ICU, to assess their quality of life.

Jacques DEVRIENDT

Head of clinic

Brugmann University Hospital

In Phase 1, subjects will receive either Treatment A (Lidocaine alone) or Treatment B (Botox+Lidocaine )

In Phase 2, subjects will receive either Treatment B (Botox+Lidocaine) or Treatment A (Lidocaine alone) -- the opposite of what was administered in Phase 1

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

The total dose per patient in the lower extremity or upper extremity will be based on common doses given in spasticity patients in the neurology injection clinic. If the target is a symptomatic arm, we will inject as follows: biceps 30 units, triceps 40 units, flexor carpi radialis 20 units, extensor carpi radialis 20 units. If the target is a symptomatic leg, we will inject in the following pattern: vastus lateralis 50 units, rectus femoris 30 units, medial gastrocnemius 40 units, tibialis anterior 40 units.

Botox + Lidocaine

Lidocaine alone

VA Connecticut Healthcare System

"Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Reducing Limb Pain in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome"

The VAS score will be obtained using the VAS at each of the four study visits. Zero is no pain and ten is maximum pain on the zero to ten scale.

The Quality of Life scale will be utilized at each of the four study visits. We will be paying attention to change in the quality of life during this study. This scale is a measure of function for people with pain. zero=non functioning, ten=normal quality of life.

The Pain Disability Index scale will be utilized at each of the four study visits. We will be paying attention to change in disability during this study. This scale is designed to measure the degree that seven aspects of life are disrupted by chronic pain. These seven aspects are family/home responsibilities, recreation, social activity, occupation, sexual behavior, self care, life-support activities. This is a zero to ten scale with zero=no disability, and ten=worst disability.

Digital infrared thermography can record heat emanation from pre-defined regions of interest (ROI) in affected area of the body, non-invasively. . The specific device that we will be utilizing is a FLIR A65 series medical grade IR thermography unit.

A goniometer (a.k.a. inclinometer) is a simple mechanical tool used by physiotherapists that can quickly and safely assess passive range of motion of individual limb joints. Contracture or dystonia of associated muscles will reduced the range of motion of the joint. The units of measure will be recorded in degrees change from the resting position to the fully flexed or extended position for a given joint. We will be using a digital goniometer known as the Baseline Absolute Axis 360 Degree Goniometer.

An algometer is a device that measures pain thresholds in affected areas. We are recording the minimal pressure required to trigger a pain response at several pre-designated sites. The operator of the device will apply a steady force at a predefined site on an affected limb, and a digital readout of the pain threshold will be recorded in kilopascal units (kPa = Newtons/m2) per second. We will be utilizing a digital algometer designed by Wagner Instruments called the Force One Digital Force Gauge.

This has been designed by our research team. This is comprised of asking for the average level of pain, lowest level of pain, highest level of pain for the day, allodynia, muscular pain component. These components are based on zero being no pain and ten being maximum pain on the zero to ten scale.

EIM assesses disease-induced changes in muscle tissue, including myocyte atrophy and loss, muscle edema, and fatty infiltration. It is new technology that is non invasive and safe. EIM uses high-frequency, low intensity electrical currents to quantify disuse atrophy and other muscle pathology.

Allergan

1 - Active comparator, consisted of 30 adult patients with active Rheumatoid Arthritis, randomly assigned, taking the active product, in addition to base medication (Mtx + Pdn)

2 - Placebo comparator, consisted of 30 adult patients with active Rheumatoid Arthritis, randomly assigned, taking the placebo formulation, in addition to base medication (Mtx + Pdn)

Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Andrographolide formula Oral tablets, 30mg, three times per day, during a total of 105 continuous days.

FANG(30)

Placebo 30mg tabs, 3/day, 105 days continuously.

Placebo

Government of Chile - Science and Technology Development Fund (Study main sponsor)

muscular atrophy/ødem

Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Patient With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Phrenic Nerve Block to Mitigate Self-inflicted Lung Injury

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in the Critically Ill

"Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Reducing Limb Pain in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome"

Efficacy Study of FANG(30) for Active Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adult Patients

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