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Aldehyde Dehydrogenases Function in the Homeostasis of Pyridine Nucleotides in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDHs) catalyze the oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids using NAD+ or NADP+ as cofactors and generating NADH or NADPH. Previous studies mainly focused on the ALDH role in detoxifying toxic aldehydes but their effect on

Conformational change of Arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxin reductase after binding of pyridine nucleotide and thioredoxin.

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We have found that the binding of NADP+ (Kd = 0.86+/-0.11 microM) enhanced the FAD fluorescence of Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH:thioredoxin reductase (TR, EC 1.6.4.5) by 2 times, whereas the binding of 3-aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (AADP+) (Kd < 0.1 microM) quenched the fluorescence

The relationship between pyridine nucleotides and seed dormancy.

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To investigate the proposed role for NAD metabolism in regulating seed dormancy, NAD metabolites and associated enzyme activities were analysed in seed of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes ranging from Col-0, which has low seed dormancy, to Cvi, which is highly dormant. Seed poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation

Characterization of l-aspartate oxidase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The flavoprotein l-aspartate oxidase (LASPO) is the first enzyme of the de novo biosynthetic pathway of NAD+ in plants. Although LASPO is considered pivotal to maintain NAD+ homeostasis, it has not been hitherto characterized in plants. Here, the cDNA encoding the LASPO from the model plant

Characterization of a second Arabidopsis thaliana prolyl 4-hydroxylase with distinct substrate specificity.

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4-Hydroxyproline is found in collagens, collagen-like proteins, elastin, and the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor in animals and in many hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in plants. We report here on the cloning and characterization of a second plant P4H (prolyl 4-hydroxylase), At-P4H-2, from

Comparison of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-induced immune responses against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The pyridine nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is a universal coenzyme in anabolic reactions and also functions in intracellular signaling by serving as a substrate for production of the Ca(2+)-mobilizing agent nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). It has

Δ1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana: stimulation or inhibition by chloride ions and feedback regulation by proline depend on whether NADPH or NADH acts as co-substrate.

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Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase (P5CR) catalyses the final step of proline synthesis in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, protein levels are correlated neither to the corresponding mRNA copy numbers, nor to intracellular proline concentrations. The occurrence of post-translational

Extracellular pyridine nucleotides trigger plant systemic immunity through a lectin receptor kinase/BAK1 complex.

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Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long-lasting broad-spectrum plant immunity induced by mobile signals produced in the local leaves where the initial infection occurs. Although multiple structurally unrelated signals have been proposed, the mechanisms responsible for perception of these

On the mode of action of the herbicides cinmethylin and 5-benzyloxymethyl-1, 2-isoxazolines: putative inhibitors of plant tyrosine aminotransferase.

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BACKGROUND The mode of action of the grass herbicides cinmethylin and 5-benzyloxymethyl-1,2-isoxazolines substituted with methylthiophene (methiozolin) or pyridine (ISO1, ISO2) was investigated. RESULTS Physiological profiling using a series of biotests and metabolic profiling in treated duckweed

Chemical rescue of proton transfer in catalysis by carbonic anhydrases in the beta- and gamma-class.

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Catalysis of the dehydration of HCO(3)(-) by carbonic anhydrase requires proton transfer from solution to the zinc-bound hydroxide. Carbonic anhydrases in each of the alpha, beta, and gamma classes, examples of convergent evolution, appear to have a side chain extending into the active site cavity

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the catalytic core of the alkylhydroperoxide reductase component AhpF from Escherichia coli.

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Alkylhydroperoxide reductases (AhpR, E.C. 1.6.4.x) are essential for the oxygen tolerance of aerobic organisms, converting otherwise toxic hydroperoxides of lipids or nucleic acids to their corresponding alcohols. The AhpF component (521 amino-acid residues, 56.2 kDa) belongs to the family of

Ulvans induce resistance against plant pathogenic fungi independently of their sulfation degree.

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The present work aimed to evaluate the defense responses induced by chemically sulfated ulvans in Arabidopsis thaliana plants against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Colletotrichum higginsianum. Derivatives with growing sulfate content (from 20.9 to 36.6%) were prepared with

A Fluorescent Probe Based on Pyrene Ring for Detecting Cys and its Application in Biology.

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The identification of thiols has become a research hotspot due to its role in biological systems. In this work, we simply constructed a turn-on fluorescent probe named 3-(5-bromopyridin-3-yl)-1-(pyren-1-yl) prop-2-en-1-one, that a combination of pyrene ring and substituted pyridine via the

In comparison with nitrate nutrition, ammonium nutrition increases growth of the frostbite1 Arabidopsis mutant.

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Ammonium nutrition inhibits the growth of many plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. The toxicity of ammonium is associated with changes in the cellular redox state. The cellular oxidant/antioxidant balance is controlled by mitochondrial electron transport chain. In this study, we analysed

Bikinin-like inhibitors targeting GSK3/Shaggy-like kinases: characterisation of novel compounds and elucidation of their catabolism in planta.

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BACKGROUND Plant GSK-3/Shaggy-like kinases are key players in brassinosteroid (BR) signalling which impact on plant development and participate in response to wounding, pathogens and salt stress. Bikinin was previously identified in a chemical genetics screen as an inhibitor targeting these kinases.

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