pyrophosphatase/dental caries

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Effect of an anticalculus toothpaste containing pyrophosphate on pyrophosphatase activity and the state of calcium phosphate in saliva.

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Experiments were performed to determine if a pyrophosphate-containing anticalculus toothpaste could affect certain salivary constituents involved in the mineralization of dental plaque. The findings indicated no obvious changes in acid and alkaline pyrophosphatases, ionized calcium, total calcium,

The structure of E.coli soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase at 2.7 A resolution.

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The structure of E.coli soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase has been refined at 2.7 A resolution to an R-factor of 20.9%. The overall fold of the molecule is essentially the same as yeast pyrophosphatase, except that yeast pyrophosphatase is longer at both the N- and C-termini. Escherichia coli

Crystal structure of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase complexed with SO4(2-). Ligand-induced molecular asymmetry.

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The three-dimensional structure of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Escherichia coli complexed with sulfate was determined at 2.2 A resolution using Patterson's search technique and refmed to an R-factor of 19.2%. Sulfate may be regarded as a structural analog of phosphate, the product of the enzyme

Crystal structure of holo inorganic pyrophosphatase from Escherichia coli at 1.9 A resolution. Mechanism of hydrolysis.

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Crystalline holo inorganic pyrophosphatase from Escherichia coli was grown in the presence of 250 mM MgCl2. The crystal structure has been solved by Patterson search techniques and refined to an R-factor of 17.6% at 1.9 A resolution. The upper estimate of the root-mean-square error in atomic

Directed mutagenesis studies of the metal binding site at the subunit interface of Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase.

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Recent crystallographic studies on Escherichia coli inorganic pyrophosphatase (E-PPase) have identified three Mg2+ ions/enzyme hexamer in water-filled cavities formed by Asn24, Ala25, and Asp26 at the trimer-trimer interface (Kankare, J., Salminen, T., Lahti, R., Cooperman, B., Baykov, A. A., and

The Nudix hydrolase CDP-chase, a CDP-choline pyrophosphatase, is an asymmetric dimer with two distinct enzymatic activities.

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A Nudix enzyme from Bacillus cereus (NCBI RefSeq accession no. NP_831800) catalyzes the hydrolysis of CDP-choline to produce CMP and phosphocholine. Here, we show that in addition, the enzyme has a 3'→5' RNA exonuclease activity. The structure of the free enzyme, determined to a 1.8-Å resolution,

ITPA (inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase): from surveillance of nucleotide pools to human disease and pharmacogenetics.

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Cellular nucleotide pools are often contaminated by base analog nucleotides which interfere with a plethora of biological reactions, from DNA and RNA synthesis to cellular signaling. An evolutionarily conserved inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) removes the non-canonical purine (d)NTPs

Intracellular lumina and bile canaliculi in rat hepatocytes in vitro--a cytochemical study.

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Within a few hours after being placed in culture, isolated rat hepatocytes reassociate into clusters and differentiate intercellular cavities bordered by junctional complexes. These structures bear a strong resemblance to the bile canaliculi found in the liver. If the plating is impaired by

[The solubility of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals].

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The solubility of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (CPPD crystals), which cause pseudogout, was studied in vitro and vivo. The in vitro experiment using 0.1 M tris buffer and 0.2 M glycine buffer indicated that changes in pH and pyrophosphatase activity played a major role in the solubility

Histochemical and ultrastructural changes in locally gamma-irradiated rabbit intestine.

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The effect of local irradiation of a 50-cm long intestinal segment outside the abdominal cavity in rabbits has been studied. The rabbits were killed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after irradiation. Activities of succinate and lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and thiamine

Identification of NAD+ synthetase from Streptococcus sobrinus as a B-cell-stimulatory protein.

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Streptococcus sobrinus, one agent of dental caries, secretes a protein that induces lymphocyte polyclonal activation of the host as a mechanism of immune evasion. We have isolated from culture supernatants of this bacterium a protein with murine B-cell-stimulatory properties and subsequently cloned

Tridimensional architecture of the Golgi apparatus and its components in mucous cells of Brunner's glands of the mouse.

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The three-dimensional structure of the Golgi apparatus and its components has been analyzed in thin and thick sections of mucous cells of mouse Brunner's glands by using low- and high-voltage electron microscopes and a stereoscopic approach. In thick sections of glands impregnated with osmium or

Tridimensional structure of the Golgi apparatus in type A ganglion cells of the rat.

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The three-dimensional structure of the whole Golgi apparatus and of its components in type A ganglion cells was examined in thin and thick sections by low- and high-voltage electron microscopy. At low magnification, in 10-micron-thick sections of osmicated cells, the Golgi apparatus formed a broad,

Three-dimensional reconstruction using transmission electron microscopy reveals a swollen, bell-shaped structure of transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 cation channel.

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Transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) is a redox-sensitive, calcium-permeable cation channel activated by various signals, such as adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) acting on the ADPR pyrophosphatase (ADPRase) domain, and cyclic ADPR. Here, we purified the FLAG-tagged tetrameric

Embryonic and fetal development of structures associated with the cerebro-spinal fluid in man and other species. Part I: The ventricular system, meninges and choroid plexuses.

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Little is known about the development of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. Ethical considerations preclude experimental studies in this field, and as a result most available data on human ontogenesis are descriptive. Comparative anatomic and embryologic studies have demonstrated that the

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