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sesamum trifoliatum/epileptisk anfald
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Cyclic withdrawal from endogenous and exogenous progesterone increases kainic acid and perforant pathway induced seizures.
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Antiseizure effects of progesterone (P) and its metabolite, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha, 5alpha-THP) were investigated following continuous vs. discontinuous P exposure. In Experiments 1, 32 cycling Long-Evans rats were administered kainic acid (32 mg/kg SC), ictal behavior was examined,
Anti-seizure effects of progesterone and 3alpha,5alpha-THP in kainic acid and perforant pathway models of epilepsy.
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The mechanism by which progesterone has its anti-seizure effects is unknown. Progesterone has a high affinity for intracellular progestin receptors, but has weak actions at gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptors complexes. The progesterone metabolite, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one
Attenuating 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one formation in the hippocampus of female rats increases pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures.
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Progesterone has antiseizure effects, which may be due to the actions of its 5alpha-reduced metabolite, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP). Whether metabolism of progesterone to 3alpha,5alpha-THP in the hippocampus is essential for its antiseizure effects was investigated. In
Estradiol alters afterdischarge threshold and acquisition of amygdala kindled seizures in male rats.
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We have previously shown that estradiol (E(2)) can initially increase and then decrease kindle seizure parameters in amygdala kindled male rats. This study focuses on the effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) on afterdischarge (AD) threshold and electrical kindling acquisition in intact male rats.
Estrogen-priming can enhance progesterone's anti-seizure effects in part by increasing hippocampal levels of allopregnanolone.
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Estrogen can be proconvulsant, while progesterone and its metabolite allopregnanolone typically have anti-seizure effects. We investigated whether estrogen-priming also has anti-seizure effects by altering progesterone's metabolism to allopregnanolone, or levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Down-regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis reduces brain damage and number of seizures following hypoxia/ischaemia in rats.
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Several reports suggest that the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) is increased following hypoxia/ischaemia and that this might be associated with increased neuronal vulnerability. The main goal of this study was to examine the effects of down-regulation of the HPA-axis
Estrogen modulation of NMDA-induced seizures in ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats.
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The objective of this study was to examine the neuroprotective effects of estrogen in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced seizures in both male and female rats. Thirty-eight Long-Evans rats were divided into five groups: ovariectomized females, non-ovariectomized females, ovariectomized
A comparative neurobehavioral study of sesame oil and fish oil on experimental animals.
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Natural oils are enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which are important for our health. Recent experimental data explained that PUFAs might have a beneficial effect on various brain functions such as anxiety, dementia, epileptic seizures, depression or bipolar and other
The neurosteroid 3 alpha, 5 apha-THP has antiseizure and possible neuroprotective effects in an animal model of epilepsy.
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Some anticonvulsant drugs may suppress seizures by enhancing activity of GABAergic systems. Progesterone (P)'s anti-convulsant and neuroprotective effects may be due to the steroid's actions on GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complexes (GBRs) rather than intracellular progestin receptors (PRs), as
alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor autoradiography in mouse brain after single and repeated withdrawal from diazepam.
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Withdrawal from chronic treatment with benzodiazepines is associated with increased neuronal excitability leading to anxiety, aversive effects and increased seizure sensitivity. After repeated withdrawal experiences, seizure sensitivity increases while withdrawal-induced anxiety and aversion
Acute effects of the antiepileptic succinimides on the urinary tract and potentiation of phensuximide-induced urotoxicity by phenobarbital.
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Phensuximide (PSX), methsuximide (MSX) and ethosuximide (ESX) are succinimide antiepileptic agents used worldwide in the treatment of absence seizures. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that PSX (0.3 or 0.6 mmol kg-1 day-1, i.p.) induced urotoxicity following daily administration for
Previous experience of withdrawal from chronic diazepam ameliorates the aversiveness of precipitated withdrawal and reduces withdrawal-induced c-fos expression in nucleus accumbens.
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Flumazenil (20 mg/kg, i.p.)-precipitated withdrawal from chronic treatment with diazepam (DZP, 15 mg/kg, s.c. in sesame oil for 21 days) resulted in a decreased seizure threshold to the convulsant, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), infused into the tail vein; withdrawal from 21-day chronic diazepam
Fatal neurotoxicity of arteether and artemether.
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Artemisinin (qinghaosu) and several derivatives have been developed and are in use as antimalarial drugs but scant information is available regarding animal or human toxicity. Following a eight-day, multiple-dose, pharmacokinetic study of arteether (AE) (10 mg/kg/day [n = 6] and 20 mg/kg/day [n =
Acute toxicity induced by 2-aryl-N-methylsuccinimides.
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Phensuximide (PSX) is a 2-arylsuccinimide useful in the treatment of absence seizures. PSX is a mild urotoxicant and is structurally related to N-phenylsuccinimide (NPS) and its antifungal derivatives. Since substitution of the phenyl ring of NPS with chloro or tert-butyl groups can produce
Actions at GABA(A) receptors in the hippocampus may mediate some antiseizure effects of progestins.
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Progestins can have antiseizure effects; however, the mechanisms and sites of action of these effects are not well-understood. Whether progesterone's actions at GABA(A) receptors in the hippocampus are important for its antiseizure effects was investigated. In Experiment 1, ovariectomized rats were
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