It's one of the restorative groups with LA (Local Anesthesia). An aerator and micromotor were used as cavity preparation in this group. Only conventional root canal treatment and extirpation were planned for the children included in the root canal treatment group in the measurement session.

It's one of the restorative groups with LA (Local Anesthesia).An aerator and micromotor were used as cavity preparation in this group. it was noted that at least one of the approximal surfaces of the teeth had decay and iron sulfate (ViscoStat®, UltraDent, South Jordan, USA) was used as pulpotomy material

It's one of the restorative groups with LA (Local Anesthesia).An aerator and micromotor were used as cavity preparation in this group. A Tofflemire matrix retainer and 0.05 mm thick matrix band (Hahnenkratt, Königsbach-Stein, Germany) were used in groups with a two-surface cavity.

It's one of the restorative groups with LA (Local Anesthesia).An aerator and micromotor were used as cavity preparation in this group.

An aerator and micromotor were used as cavity preparation in this group. A Tofflemire matrix retainer and 0.05 mm thick matrix band (Hahnenkratt, Königsbach-Stein, Germany) were used in groups with a two-surface cavity.

An aerator and micromotor were used as cavity preparation in this group.

It's one of the protective groups.Only the micromotor was used for polishing purposes in the protective treatment groups. 2% NaF (Polimo® IMICRYL, Konya, Turkey) was preferred in groups who received fluoride application.

It's one of the protective groups. Only the micromotor was used for polishing purposes in the protective treatment groups 2% NaF (Polimo® IMICRYL, Konya, Turkey) was preferred in groups who received fluoride application.

It's one of the protective groups. Only the micromotor was used for polishing purposes in the protective treatment groups.

Dental Anxiety

9 groups were formed as 6 restorative and 3 protective applications. The restorative treatment groups included procedures with- and without-local anesthesia (LA). Procedures with LA included the groups as root canal treatment, pulpotomy, two-surface restoration and one-surface restoration. Procedures without LA included the groups as two-surface restoration and one-surface restoration. The protective application groups included the groups as fluoride application (by disposable arch tray or by cotton roll) and fissure sealant.

Restorative Treatment

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University

Dental Anxiety in Children and Salivary Cortisol Levels

The Evaluation of The Effect of Routine Treatments Administrated in Pedodontics Clinics on Dental Anxiety in Children and Salivary Cortisol Levels

Burçin Acar

Principal Investigator

Inonu University

Xylitol gummy bears 7.8g/day throughout the 9 month kindergarten year, oral health education, fluoride varnish, and dental sealant

Sugar free fiber gummy bears 20g/day throughout the 9 month kindergarten year, oral health education, fluoride varnish, and dental sealant

Xylitol gummy bears 7.8g/day throughout the 9 month kindergarten year, oral health education, fluoride varnish, and dental sealant
Xylitol gummy bears: The children receive xylitol gummy bears 3 times/day within the supervised school environment.
Oral health education: Oral health education, toothbrush, and fluoride toothpaste
Fluoride varnish: The study dentists apply the varnish on all children twice a year during the study period. The varnish is 5% sodium fluoride and contains 2.26% by weight fluoride ion in a colophony base.
Dental sealant: The study dentists apply the sealant on the children in the second grade when the permanent first molars are fully erupted.

Xylitol GB

Sugar free fiber gummy bears 20g/day throughout the 9 month kindergarten year, oral health education, fluoride varnish, and dental sealant
Sugar free fiber gummy bears: The children receive sugar free fiber gummy bears 3 times/day within the supervised school environment.
Oral health education: Oral health education, toothbrush, and fluoride toothpaste
Fluoride varnish: The study dentists apply the varnish on all children twice a year during the study period. The varnish is 5% sodium fluoride and contains 2.26% by weight fluoride ion in a colophony base.
Dental sealant: The study dentists apply the sealant on the children in the second grade when the permanent first molars are fully erupted.

Fiber GB

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Race/Ethnicity, Customized

Overall Caries Burden at Baseline

The primary outcome measure was change in the number of decayed or filled permanent teeth (DFT). Caries was assessed in accordance to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The ICDAS criteria record both the severity and activity of the lesion on occlusal surfaces, in pit and fissure sites on the buccal and lingual surfaces, and on other smooth surfaces.
For the purposes of this study, an ICDAS severity score of 3 to 6 and the presence of fillings constituted the "D" and "F" portions of DFT, respectively.

Change in the Number of Decayed or Filled Permanent Teeth (DFT) From Baseline (Beginning of Kindergarten) to the Middle of 2nd Grade

Overall Study

Dr. Suchitra Nelson

Dental Caries

The children receive xylitol gummy bears 3 times/day within the supervised school environment.

Xylitol gummy bears

The children receive sugar free fiber gummy bears 3 times/day within the supervised school environment.

Sugar free fiber gummy bears

Oral health education, toothbrush, and fluoride toothpaste

Oral health education

The study dentists apply the varnish on all children twice a year during the study period. The varnish is 5% sodium fluoride and contains 2.26% by weight fluoride ion in a colophony base.

Fluoride varnish

The study dentists apply the sealant on the children in the second grade when the permanent first molars are fully erupted.

Dental sealant

Case Western Reserve University

Xylitol for Caries Prevention in Inner-City Children

Suchitra Nelson

Professor

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

University of Washington

Blood, throat swab, nasopharyngeal aspiration, and rectal swab will be obtained during acute illness and at convalescence (about 2 weeks after discharge). These specimens will be processed for viral isolation, bacterial culture and toxin detection, PCR, subtractive cloning, VIDISCA, gene chips, peptide library, cytokine/chemokine measurement, antibody detection for specific pathogens, etc. Questionnaire for contact history and clinical symptoms will be performed.

Kawasaki Disease

National Taiwan University Hospital

Etiology Study of Kawasaki Disease

Etiology Study of Kawasaki Disease--A Prospective Household and Case Control Study

The mean age of the 226 KD cases was 2.07 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.43 (133 boys to 93 girls). Their mean fever duration was 7.5 days with a mean peak temperature of 39.7°C. In addition to the typical symptoms of fever, neck lymphadenopathy, lip fissure and/or strawberry tongue, skin rash, nonpurulent bulbar conjunctivitis, palm/sole erythema, and induration followed by periungual desquamation, these KD cases also exhibited cough (69%), rhinorrhea (58%), and diarrhea (45%). Cases of KD had a significantly higher positive rate of viral isolation in comparison with the control group (7.5% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.02). Compared with the control group, cases of KD were more likely to have overall positive rates of viral PCR (50.4% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001) and for various viruses including enterovirus (16.8% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001), adenovirus (8.0% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.007), human rhinovirus (26.5% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.001), and coronavirus (7.1% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.003).

sweet potato/dental caries

Dental Anxiety in Children and Salivary Cortisol Levels

Xylitol for Caries Prevention in Inner-City Children

Etiology Study of Kawasaki Disease

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