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thapsigargin/atrofi
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17beta-Estradiol and the phytoestrogen genistein attenuate neuronal apoptosis induced by the endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin.
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Estrogenic compounds have been shown to protect neurons from a variety of toxic stimuli in vitro and in vivo and depletion of estrogen at menopause has been associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Genistein is an isoflavone soy derivative that binds to estrogen receptors with
Hippocalcin protects against caspase-12-induced and age-dependent neuronal degeneration.
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Hippocalcin is a neuronal calcium binding protein, but its physiological function in brain is unknown. We show here that hippocampal neurons from hippocalcin-deficient mice are more vulnerable to degeneration, particularly using thapsigargin, elevating intracellular calcium. Caspase-12 was activated
Excitotoxic motoneuron degeneration induced by glutamate receptor agonists and mitochondrial toxins in organotypic cultures of chick embryo spinal cord.
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Glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction appear to play an important role in motoneuron (MN) degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the present study we used an organotypic slice culture of chick embryo spinal cord to explore the responsiveness of
The rate of Wallerian degeneration in cultured neurons from wild type and C57BL/WldS mice depends on time in culture and may be extended in the presence of elevated K+ levels.
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Wallerian degeneration of severed axons is delayed in C57BL/WldS mice. We have examined this further in cultured sympathetic, sensory and CNS neurons using superior cervical ganglion (SCG), dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and cerebellar granule neurons respectively from neonatal mice. We found that the
Effect of thapsigargin on cardiac muscle cells.
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The effect of thapsigargin on the activity of various enzymes involved in the Ca(2+)-homeostasis of cardiac muscle and on the contractile activity of isolated cardiomyocytes was investigated. Thapsigargin was found to be a potent and specific inhibitor of the Ca(2+)-pump of striated muscle SR (IC50
Insights on the involvement of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate in ER stress-mediated apoptosis in age-related macular degeneration.
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis is a well-known factor in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ER stress leads to accumulation of misfolded proteins, which in turn activates unfolded protein response (UPR) of the cell for its survival. The prolonged UPR of
The pro-apoptotic substance thapsigargin selectively stimulates re-growth of brain capillaries.
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Thapsigargin is a pro-apoptotic chemical, which has been shown to be useful to study cell death of cholinergic or dopaminergic neurons, or cells, which degenerate in Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, respectively. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of thapsigargin in the
Unfolded protein response-induced dysregulation of calcium homeostasis promotes retinal degeneration in rat models of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
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The molecular mechanism of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) in rats is closely associated with a persistently activated unfolded protein response (UPR). If unchecked, the UPR might trigger apoptosis, leading to photoreceptor death. One of the UPR-activated cellular signaling
PAX4 preserves endoplasmic reticulum integrity preventing beta cell degeneration in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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OBJECTIVE
A strategy to enhance pancreatic islet functional beta cell mass (BCM) while restraining inflammation, through the manipulation of molecular and cellular targets, would provide a means to counteract the deteriorating glycaemic control associated with diabetes mellitus. The aims of the
1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine ameliorates age-related spatial memory deterioration by preventing neuronal cell death.
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BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence has pointed that a variety of lipids could exert their beneficial actions against dementia including Alzheimer disease and age-related cognitive decline via diverse signaling pathways. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced neuronal apoptosis, on the other hand,
Role of Ca2+ in proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF)-induced atrophy of skeletal muscle.
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Proteolysis-inducing factor (PIF) induces muscle loss in cancer cachexia through a high affinity membrane bound receptor. This study investigates the mechanism by which the PIF receptor communicates to intracellular signalling pathways. C(2)C(12) murine myoblasts were used as a model using PIF
Vitexin alleviates ER-stress-activated apoptosis and the related inflammation in chondrocytes and inhibits the degeneration of cartilage in rats.
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Excessive extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis are the pathological features of osteoarthritis (OA). The ability of flavonoid compounds isolated from Chinese hawthorn leaves to exert protective effects on several diseases, via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation,
Mobilization of intracellular calcium stores participates in the rise of [Ca2+]i and the toxic actions of the HIV coat protein GP120.
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The HIV envelope glycoprotein, GP120, increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration and induces degeneration of human and animal neurons in culture. Using patch-clamp recordings and Ca2+ imaging techniques, we have now examined the contribution of intracellular stores of calcium in the effects of
Decreased expression of ryanodine receptors alters calcium-induced calcium release mechanism in mdx duodenal myocytes.
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It is generally believed that alterations of calcium homeostasis play a key role in skeletal muscle atrophy and degeneration observed in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and mdx mice. Mechanical activity is also impaired in gastrointestinal muscles, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this
Effect of aging on the response of biochemical markers in the rabbit subjected to short-term partial bladder obstruction.
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OBJECTIVE
Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) results in marked biochemical alterations in the bladder. In this study, we focused on comparison of thapsigargin sensitive sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase activity (SERCA) and Citrate Synthase after short term PBOO in young versus old
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