vitamin a deficiency/majs

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Rare genetic variation at Zea mays crtRB1 increases beta-carotene in maize grain.

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Breeding to increase beta-carotene levels in cereal grains, termed provitamin A biofortification, is an economical approach to address dietary vitamin A deficiency in the developing world. Experimental evidence from association and linkage populations in maize (Zea mays L.) demonstrate that the gene

Retention of provitamin A carotenoids in high beta-carotene maize (Zea mays) during traditional African household processing.

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High beta-carotene maize, biofortified with beta-carotene through plant breeding, is being developed as a cost-effective, sustainable agronomic approach to alleviating the problem of vitamin A deficiency in Africa. We used high beta-carotene maize (10.49+/-0.16 microg beta-carotene/g) to prepare

Effect of Traditional and Extrusion Nixtamalization on Carotenoid Retention in Tortillas Made from Provitamin A Biofortified Maize (Zea mays L.).

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Provitamin A (proVA) enhanced maize was developed to help alleviate vitamin A deficiency in maize-consuming populations. Nixtamalization (lime-cooking process) is the most commonly used maize-preparation method in Mexico and Central America. In this study, the effect of traditional nixtamalization

The effects of vitamin A deficiency of oral gustatory behaviour in chicks.

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1. Two groups of chicks (Gallus domesticus) were fed on a vitamin A-deficient diet for 24 d. Birds in one group, which acted as a control, were dosed orally with retinyl palmitate in corn oil, whereas the other group (experimental) was given corn oil only throughout the experiment. 2. At regular

Genetic studies of extra-early provitamin-A maize inbred lines and their hybrids in multiple environments

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Vitamin A deficiency, drought, low soil nitrogen (low-N), and Striga hermonthica parasitism of maize (Zea mays L.) cause malnutrition and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to determine combining abilities of extra-early provitamin A (PVA) lines,

Effect of prototypic polychlorinated biphenyls on hepatic and renal vitamin contents and on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats fed diets containing low or high levels of retinyl palmitate.

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Two groups of weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet supplemented with either 0.6 or 6 retinol equivalents/g diet were each separated into three further groups receiving 300 mumol 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl/kg body weight, 300 mumol 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl kg/body weight or

Retinoic acid and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin selectively enhance teratogenesis in C57BL/6N mice.

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TCDD is one of the most toxic man-made compounds and an extremely potent teratogen in mice. Many of its toxic symptoms resemble those seen during vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A and its derivatives, such as alltrans-retinoic acid (RA), are also teratogenic in mice, as well as many other species.

Rod outer segment lipids in vitamin A-adequate and -deficient rats.

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Weanling albino rats were fed a vitamin-A-adequate diet or vitamin-A-deficient diet and maintained in a cyclic light or dark environment for up to 14 weeks. One half of the rats were supplemented with additional dietary linolenic acid in the form of linseed oil. The lipid composition and

Influence of vitamin A status and DDT on vitamin A-dependent protein mannosylation in rat liver.

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Male Wistar rats of different vitamin A status (total depletion to moderate deficiency) were administered DDT (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicule (corn oil) i.p. daily for 14 days. Vitamin A-dependent protein mannosylation was measured either by in vivo incorporation of [3H]mannose into liver glycoprotein or

A theoretical increase in infants' hepatic vitamin a is realized using a supplemented lactating sow model.

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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem affecting millions in developing nations. Supplementation for lactating women, whose needs are high, involves large oral doses of the preformed vitamin. The safety and efficacy of these doses has been inadequately studied. Lactating women

Advancing provitamin A biofortification in sorghum: Genome-wide association studies of grain carotenoids in global germplasm

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Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)] is a major cereal crop consumed by millions of people in regions with high vitamin A deficiency. We quantified carotenoid concentrations in a diverse sorghum panel using

Metabolite sorting of a germplasm collection reveals the hydroxylase3 locus as a new target for maize provitamin A biofortification.

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Vitamin A deficiency, a global health burden, can be alleviated through provitamin A carotenoid biofortification of major crop staples such as maize (Zea mays) and other grasses in the Poaceae. If regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis was better understood, enhancement could be controlled by

Comparative intake of white- versus orange-colored maize by Zambian children in the context of promotion of biofortified maize.

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BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency is associated with poor health outcomes related to reproduction, growth, vision, and immunity. Biofortification of staple crops is a novel strategy for combating vitamin A deficiency in high-risk populations where staple food intakes are high. African populations are

Introgression of the crtRB1 gene into quality protein maize inbred lines using molecular markers.

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Quality protein maize (QPM; Zea mays L.) has effectively enhanced levels of the amino acids, lysine, and tryptophan, over normal maize and provided balanced dietary protein for the health and development of monogastric animals and humans. However, as in normal maize, QPM varieties are low in

A foundation for provitamin A biofortification of maize: genome-wide association and genomic prediction models of carotenoid levels.

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Efforts are underway for development of crops with improved levels of provitamin A carotenoids to help combat dietary vitamin A deficiency. As a global staple crop with considerable variation in kernel carotenoid composition, maize (Zea mays L.) could have a widespread impact. We performed a

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