3.2 ounces of dried Cabernet wine grapes.

Healthy, Postmenopausal Women

Subjects will consume 3.2oz of dried Cabernet grapes during a single intervention time point.

Raisin Treatment

Subjects will consume 95g of whole wheat bagel during a single intervention time point.

Bagel Control

Ragle Human Nutrition Center

Dried Cabernet Grapes and Cardiovascular Risk Markers

Effects of CabernayZyns (Dried Cabernet Grapes) Intake on Vascular Function and Platelet Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women

To determine whether an acute intake of dried Cabernet grapes will improve vascular function, as measured using peripheral artery tonometry (PAT).

To determine whether an acute intake of dried Cabernet grapes will alter platelet reactivity, as measured by Chrono-log platelet aggregometer device.

Blood analysis to determine whether an acute intake of dried Cabernet grapes will affect plasma circulating nitrate and nitrite levels.

Blood analyses will include measurements of complete blood cell count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and lipid profile.

Body weight will be recorded at baseline on initial visit as well as visit one week after.

The office blood pressure measurement will be obtained (3 measurements 5 minutes apart after a 15 minute rest).

University of California, Davis

Subjects were asked to maintain their regular eating habits and lifestyles for 16 weeks, except for the daily intake of 20 g of WGPF. WGPF was consumed in bread, biscuits or as flour mixed with water during lunch. Bread and biscuits with 20% WGPF were prepared especially in a bakery. WGPF intake was supervised every day at lunch. Participants were asked to consume the flour supplement with their regular meals on weekends.

Subjects were asked to maintain their regular eating habits and lifestyles for 16 weeks.

Metabolic Syndrome X

Oxidative Stress

Pomace, a byproduct from wine production, was obtained from red wine grapes, Cabernet Sauvignon, vintage 2011, Maipo Valley, Chile, after alcoholic fermentation. The wine grape pomace was dried and grounded to obtain the flour. Intervention group ate 20 g per day of this flour, which contained 10 g of dietary fiber and an antioxidant capacity of 7,258 ORAC units.

Red wine grape pomace flour (WGPF)

Centro de Nutricion Molecular y Enfermedades Cronicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile

Effects of Wine Grape Pomace Flour Used as a Dietary Supplement on Metabolic Syndrome Components

Study on the Effects of Wine Grape Pomace Flour, Used as a Dietary Supplement to Increase the Intake of Dietary Fiber and Antioxidants in Human, on Components of Metabolic Syndrome, Plasma Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress Markers and Inflammatory Markers

The presence of metabolic syndrome components was defined using the criteria proposed by the Adult Treatment Panel III of the US National Cholesterol Education Program: (i) abdominal obesity as waist circumference >102 cm for men; (ii) low levels (<40 mg/dL for men) of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol; (iii) hypertriglyceridemia as 150 mg/dL or more; (iv) elevated blood pressure as 130/85 mm Hg or higher; and (v) impaired glucose homeostasis as fasting plasma glucose levels of 100 mg/dL or higher

An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed after overnight fasting. Subjects ingested a solution containing 75 g of dextrose, and venous blood samples were obtained at 0 and 120 min to determine plasma glucose and insulin levels. Insulin was measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA; Roche Diagnostics®).

Antioxidants measurements: Total Plasma Antioxidant Capacity (TRAP), Total Plasma Antioxidant Reactivity (TAR), Vitamin C and Vitamin E.

Oxitative stress markers: Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonyl and the Methionine Sulfoxide in plasma.

Inflammatory markers: Tumor Necrosis Factor -Alfa, IL-6, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein -1, in plasma

Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile

Prepackaged capsules taken 3 times per day. During the first month, the total dose will be 15 g/d. For months 2-4, the total dose will be 30 g/d.

Pre-packaged capsules taken 3 times per day. For the first month, a total of 15 g/d. During months 2 - 4, a total of 30 g/d.

1. Endothelial Dysfunction (EndoPAT Score <=2)

CSF is made from wine grape skins and seeds.

Chardonnay Seed Flour (CSF)

Placebo

Mayo Clinic in Rochester

Effects of Chardonnay Seed Flour on Vascular Health

Endothelial function (Endothelial Peripheral Arterial Tonometry - EndoPAT) Testing will generate a score at baseline that will be compared to a second EndoPAT test which will be conducted again after the study subjects have taken the study product for 4 months. These scores will be used to determine if the study product had an effect on endothelial function.

Amir Lerman

M.D.

Mayo Clinic

Whole Vine Products

Twice a day given purple rice with 5mg of resveratrol.

Type 2 Diabetic

Incorporate one cup of purple rice into dishes to be consumed at lunch and dinner each day for 4 weeks (equivalent of 4 ounces of uncooked rice/day).

Purple Rice

Incorporate one cup of brown rice into dishes to be consumed at lunch and dinner each day for 4 weeks (equivalent of 4 ounces of uncooked rice/day).

Brown Rice

Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Pilot Study of the Effect of Purple Rice on Glucose Tolerance, Serum Lipids and Inflammation

Pilot Study of the Effect of Purple Rice on Glucose Tolerance, Serum Lipids and Inflammation.

Subjects will have an Intravenous line placed and fasting blood will be drawn. Subjects will then be given glucose to drink and blood will be drawn from an IV line for glucose and insulin.

Subjects will have an Intravenous line placed and fasting blood will be drawn for a chemistry-15 panel and High-sensitivity C-reaction Protein. Subjects will then be given 75 grams of glucose to drink and blood will be drawn from an IV line for glucose and insulin.

A high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), that can be done in the lab using a blood test.

vitis vinifera/betændelse

Dried Cabernet Grapes and Cardiovascular Risk Markers

Effects of Wine Grape Pomace Flour Used as a Dietary Supplement on Metabolic Syndrome Components

Effects of Chardonnay Seed Flour on Vascular Health

Pilot Study of the Effect of Purple Rice on Glucose Tolerance, Serum Lipids and Inflammation

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