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Side 1 fra 118 resultater
Patterned deposition of xylan and lignin is independent from the secondary wall cellulose of Arabidopsis xylem vessels.
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The secondary cell wall (SCW) of xylem vessel cells provides rigidity and strength that enables efficient water conduction throughout the plant. To gain insight into SCW deposition, we mutagenized Arabidopsis thaliana VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7-inducible plant lines, in which ectopic protoxylem
Xylans of Red and Green Algae: What Is Known about Their Structures and How They Are Synthesised?
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Xylans with a variety of structures have been characterised in green algae, including chlorophytes (Chlorophyta) and charophytes (in the Streptophyta), and red algae (Rhodophyta). Substituted 1,4-β-d-xylans, similar to those in land plants (embryophytes), occur in the cell wall matrix of advanced
Organization of Xylan Production in the Golgi During Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthesis.
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Secondary cell wall (SCW) production during xylem development requires massive upregulation of hemicellulose (e.g. glucuronoxylan) biosynthesis in the Golgi. While mutant studies have revealed much of the xylan biosynthetic machinery, the precise arrangement of these proteins and their products in
Arabidopsis family GT43 members are xylan xylosyltransferases required for the elongation of the xylan backbone.
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Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide in plant biomass targeted for biofuel production. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the biochemical mechanism underlying xylan biosynthesis. Although previous genetic studies have identified several genes implicated in xylan biosynthesis,
The thermostabilizing domain of the modular xylanase XynA of Thermotoga maritima represents a novel type of binding domain with affinity for soluble xylan and mixed-linkage beta-1,3/beta-1, 4-glucan.
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Thermotoga maritima XynA is an extremely thermostable modular enzyme with five domains (A1-A2-B-C1-C2). Its catalytic domain (-B-) is flanked by duplicated non-catalytic domains. The C-terminal repeated domains represent cellulose-binding domains (CBDs). Xylanase domains related to the N-terminal
Glucuronic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana xylans carries a novel pentose substituent.
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Glucuronic acids in Arabidopsis thaliana xylans exist in 4-O-methylated (MeGlcA) and non-methylated (GlcA) forms at a ratio of about 3:2. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of the endoxylanase liberated acidic oligosaccharides from the Arabidopsis
Immunolocalization of hemicelluloses in Arabidopsis thaliana stem. Part I: temporal and spatial distribution of xylans.
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We investigated the microdistribution of xylans in different cell types of Arabidopsis stem using immunolocalization methods with LM10 and LM11 antibodies. Xylan labeling in xylary fibers (fibers) was initially detected at the cell corner of the S(1) layer and increased gradually during fiber
Mutations of Arabidopsis TBL32 and TBL33 Affect Xylan Acetylation and Secondary Wall Deposition.
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Xylan is a major acetylated polymer in plant lignocellulosic biomass and it can be mono- and di-acetylated at O-2 and O-3 as well as mono-acetylated at O-3 of xylosyl residues that is substituted with glucuronic acid (GlcA) at O-2. Based on the finding that ESK1, an Arabidopsis thaliana DUF231
Regiospecific acetylation of xylan is mediated by a group of DUF231-containing O-acetyltransferases.
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Xylan is a major hemicellulose in the secondary walls of vessels and fibers, and its acetylation is essential for normal secondary wall assembly and properties. The acetylation of xylan can occur at multiple positions of its backbone xylosyl residues, including 2-O-monoacetylation,
Arabidopsis thaliana IRX10 and two related proteins from psyllium and Physcomitrella patens are xylan xylosyltransferases.
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The enzymatic mechanism that governs the synthesis of the xylan backbone polymer, a linear chain of xylose residues connected by β-1,4 glycosidic linkages, has remained elusive. Xylan is a major constituent of many kinds of plant cell walls, and genetic studies have identified multiple genes that
Three members of the Arabidopsis glycosyltransferase family 8 are xylan glucuronosyltransferases.
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Xylan is a major component of the plant cell wall and the most abundant noncellulosic component in the secondary cell walls that constitute the largest part of plant biomass. Dicot glucuronoxylan consists of a linear backbone of β(1,4)-linked xylose residues substituted with α(1,2)-linked glucuronic
QUASIMODO1 is expressed in vascular tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence stems, and affects homogalacturonan and xylan biosynthesis.
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An insertion in the promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana QUA1 gene (qua1-1 allele) leads to a dwarf plant phenotype and a reduction in cell adhesion, particularly between epidermal cells in seedlings and young leaves. This coincides with a reduction in the level of homogalacturonan epitopes and the
Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA mutants implicate GAUT genes in the biosynthesis of pectin and xylan in cell walls and seed testa.
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Galacturonosyltransferase 1 (GAUT1) is an alpha1,4-D-galacturonosyltransferase that transfers galacturonic acid from uridine 5'-diphosphogalacturonic acid onto the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan (Sterling et al., 2006). The 25-member Arabidopsis thaliana GAUT1-related gene family encodes 15
Expression of fungal acetyl xylan esterase in Arabidopsis thaliana improves saccharification of stem lignocellulose.
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Cell wall hemicelluloses and pectins are O-acetylated at specific positions, but the significance of these substitutions is poorly understood. Using a transgenic approach, we investigated how reducing the extent of O-acetylation in xylan affects cell wall chemistry, plant performance and the
Highly Branched Xylan Made by IRREGULAR XYLEM14 and MUCILAGE-RELATED21 Links Mucilage to Arabidopsis Seeds.
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All cells of terrestrial plants are fortified by walls composed of crystalline cellulose microfibrils and a variety of matrix polymers. Xylans are the second most abundant type of polysaccharides on Earth. Previous studies of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) irregular xylem (irx) mutants, with
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