A model-based approach to long-term recovery of limb apraxia after stroke.

Limb apraxia is a disorder affecting performance of gestures on verbal command (pantomime), on imitation, and/or in tool and action recognition. We aimed to examine recovery on tasks assessing both conceptual and production aspects of limb praxis in left (n = 22) and right (n = 15) stroke patients. Patients were assessed longitudinally on four conceptual tasks (action identification, tool naming by action, tool identification, and tool naming) and five production tasks (pantomime, pantomime by picture, concurrent imitation, delayed imitation, and tool use). They were grouped as impaired or not relative to the performance of a control sample (n = 27) and as acute-subacute (first assessment within 3 months post stroke) or chronic (over 3 months post stroke). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the data. Acute-subacute and chronic patients had similar average performance. All tasks, except action identification, showed evidence of recovery in both acute and chronic impaired patients. A faster rate of recovery among acute-subacute patients was observed only in the two pantomime tasks (action identification and tool identification were not compared on this factor).