Gonococcal Endocarditis: The Gift That Stops Giving! An Uncommon Presentation of a Common Disease.

BACKGROUND

Gonorrhea is the 2nd most common sexually transmitted disease in the US with 800,000 cases of gonorrhea each year. Disseminated gonorrhea infection occurs in 0.5 percent - 3 percent of these patients and is more frequent in woman younger than 40 years of age.

METHODS

A 36 year old woman with a history of polysubstance abuse presented with 10 day history of feeling generally unwell. At presentation, vitals were remarkable for tachycardia and hypotension. Physical exam was remarkable for conjunctival pallor, bibasilar crackles, and tachycardia with grade III/VI systolic murmur loudest over the 2nd inter-costal space and loudest with expiration. No skin lesions were noted. Labs demonstrated leukocytosis (WBC 20,200 with 84 percent neutrophils);, anemia (Hb 6.7);, thrombocytosis (platelets 423 k/uL);, abnormal liver function tests (alkaline phosphatase 239 IU, AST 151 IU ALT 71 IU, albumin 2.5g/dL);, PT/INR 17.1/1.5. Troponin 0.42, BNP 823, D-dimer 619, and a urine drug screen that was positive for benzodiazepines, opiates, barbiturates, amphetamine, and THC. Hep panel and HIV were negative. Chest radiograph showed mild cardiomegaly and early interstitial edema. The patient was placed on broad spectrum antibiotics and given adequate fluid resuscitation and blood products. Blood cultures grew Neisseria gonorrhoeae. 2D ECHO showed a large pedunculated/mobile echo density adherent to the non-coronary and lefts cusps of the aortic valve. Proximal aortic root and aorto-mitral continuity were thickened, consistent with aortitis and/or abscess formation. Initial EKG on arrival showed junctional tachycardia which progressed into complete heart block. Cardiology was consulted and a pacemaker was placed emergently. However despite all aggressive measures the patient died of cardiac complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Endocarditis is a rare complication of disseminated gonorrhea, occurring in only 1-2 percent of patients with gonoccocemia. The aortic valve is most commonly affected. Valve replacement is warranted in cases with severe dysfunction. Mortality remains around 19-20. Neisseria gonorrhoeae endocarditis should be included in the differential diagnosis in sexually active patients with endocarditis.