Roseamonas gilardii Bacteremia in a Patient With HbSβ0-thalassemia: Clinical Implications and Literature Review.

Roseamonas gilardii is a gram-negative coccobacillus identified in immunocompromised pediatric patients. A 5-year-old male with a history of HbSβ thalassemia status postsurgical splenectomy presented to the emergency department with fever. Blood cultures grew R. gilardii at 63 hours, but the patient had been discharged home at 48 hours. The patient was readmitted for repeat cultures and initiated on meropenem for 10 days as Roseamonas spp. are often resistant to third generation cephalosporins. R. gilardii is a rare cause of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. Clinicians should consider Roseamonas in slow growing gram-negative rod bacteremias, and consider meropenem as empiric coverage.