500 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), twice daily, 12 months

Prediabetes

Oil Palm Phenolics

Placebo

Seberang Jaya Hospital

Modulating Effects of Oil Palm Phenolics in Subjects With Pre-diabetes

Serum Glycosylated Haemogoblin (<5.7% indicates healthy, 5.7% - 6.4% indicates prediabetes, >6.5% indicates diabetes)
Plasma glucose level of oral glucose tolerance test (<7.8 mmol/L indicates healthy, 7.8 mmol/L - 11 mmol/L indicates prediabetes, >11 mmol/L indicates diabetes)
Fasting plasma glucose level (<5.6 mmol/L indicates healthy, 5.6 mmol/L - 6.9 mmol/L indicates prediabetes, >6.9 mmol/L indicates diabetes)

Model-derived Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity (OGIS) Index will be calculated using weight (kg), height (cm), glucose (mmol/L) and insulin (pmol/L).

Total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein, Triglycerides

Very good, good, no change, unsatisfactory and very unsatisfactory

Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA2-B) to determine beta cell function

Yuen Kah Hay

Professor, Dr.

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Malaysia Palm Oil Board

Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia

500 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE), twice daily, 3 months

Uncontrolled Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Modulating Effects of Oil Palm Phenolics in Uncontrolled Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Very good, Good, No change, Unsatisfactory, Very unsatisfactory

Bioavailability

Cardiovascular Health Status

Coffee

School of Food Science, University of Leeds

Absorption of Phenolic Acids From Coffee in Humans

Bioavailability of Coffee Phenolic Acids and Cardiovascular Health in Healthy Humans.

Analysis using liquid chromatography with or without mass spectrometry, colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

3 4 hydroxycinnamic acid/entzündung

Modulating Effects of Oil Palm Phenolics in Subjects With Pre-diabetes

Modulating Effects of Oil Palm Phenolics in Uncontrolled Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Absorption of Phenolic Acids From Coffee in Humans

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