patients with growth hormone deficiency or hypothalamic-pituitary disorders underwent fixed-dose glucagon stimulation test (GST), weight-based GST and insulin tolerance test (ITT).

The control group will consist of healthy volunteers matched to the study group for age, gender, Body mass index (BMI) and estrogen status. Note: Allegheny site is not enrolling in the control group.
Control subjects underwent fixed-dose glucagon stimulation test (GST), weight-based GST and insulin tolerance test (ITT).

patients with growth hormone deficiency or hypothalamic-pituitary disorders
Glucagon stimulation test and insulin tolerance test: glucagon stimulation test using 1 mg (1.5 mg if weigh >90 kg) glucagon stimulation test using 0.03 mg/kg (maximum dose 3 mg) insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg ACTH stimulation test in subjects with T2DM, CAD, CVD, seizure

Study Patients

The control group will consist of healthy volunteers matched to the study group for age, gender, BMI and estrogen status. Note: Allegheny site is not enrolling in the control group.
glucagon stimulation test and insulin tolerance test: glucagon stimulation test using 1 mg (1.5 mg if weigh >90 kg) glucagon stimulation test using 0.03 mg/kg (maximum dose 3 mg) insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg ACTH stimulation test in subjects with T2DM, CAD, CVD, seizure

Control

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

The peak growth hormone (GH) during Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT), fixed- dose glucagon stimulation test (GST) and weight-based GST in patients with adult onset hypothalamic-pituitary disease and 1-2 pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than growth hormone (GH) deficiency.

Patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders and 1-2 pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than GH deficiency
insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg ACTH stimulation test was used in 3 subjects who were not eligible for ITT

Patients With 1-2 PHD- Insulin Tolerance Test

Patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders and 1-2 pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than GH deficiency

Patients With 1-2 PHD- Fixed Dose GST

Patients With 1-2 PHD- Weight Based GST

Peak GH Level in Adult Patients With Hypothalamic-pituitary Disorders and 1-2 Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (PHD).

The peak growth hormone (GH) during Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT), fixed- dose glucagon stimulation test (GST) and weight-based GST in healthy volunteers

The control group consist of healthy volunteers matched to the study group for age, gender, BMI and estrogen status. Note: Allegheny site did not enroll the control group. All underwent insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg

Control Group- ITT

The control group consist of healthy volunteers matched to the study group for age, gender, BMI and estrogen status. Note: Allegheny site is not enrolling in the control group.

Control Group- Fixed-dose GST

Control Group- Weight-based GST

Peak Growth Hormone (GH) Level in Healthy Volunteers

The peak growth hormone (GH) during Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT), fixed- dose glucagon stimulation test (GST) and weight-based GST in patients with adult onset hypothalamic-pituitary disease with three or more pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than growth hormone (GH) deficiency.

Patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders and three or more pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than GH deficiency
insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg ACTH stimulation test was used in 3 subjects who were not eligible for ITT

Patients With 3 or More PHD- Insulin Tolerance Test

Patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders and three or more pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than GH deficiency

Patients With 3 or More PHD- Fixed Dose GST

Patients With 3 or More PHD- Weight Based GST

Peak GH Level in Adult Patients With Hypothalamic-pituitary Disorders and Three or More Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (PHD).

The peak cortisol level during Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT), fixed- dose glucagon stimulation test (GST) and weight-based GST in patients with adult onset hypothalamic-pituitary disease and 1-2 pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than growth hormone (GH) deficiency.

Peak Cortisol Level in Adult Patients With Hypothalamic-pituitary Disorders and 1-2 Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (PHD).

The peak cortisol levels during Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT), fixed- dose glucagon stimulation test (GST) and weight-based GST in healthy volunteers.

Peak Cortisol Level in Healthy Volunteers.

The peak cortisol level during Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT), fixed- dose glucagon stimulation test (GST) and weight-based GST in patients with adult onset hypothalamic-pituitary disease and three or more pituitary hormone deficiency (PHD) other than growth hormone (GH) deficiency.

Peak Cortisol Level in Adult Patients With Hypothalamic-pituitary Disorders and Three or More Pituitary Hormone Deficiency (PHD).

The peak cortisol level during ACTH stimulation test in 3 patients with adult onset hypothalamic-pituitary disease who were older than 65 years of age and could not under go insulin tolerance test (ITT).

Three patients with adult onset hypothalamic-pituitary disease underwent who were older than 65 years of age underwent ACTH stimulation test instead of ITT.

Patients Older Than 65

Peak Cortisol Level During Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH) Stimulation Test

patients with growth hormone deficiency or hypothalamic-pituitary disorders
Glucagon stimulation test and insulin tolerance test: glucagon stimulation test using 1 mg (1.5 mg if weigh >90 kg) glucagon stimulation test using 0.03 mg/kg (maximum dose 3 mg) insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) stimulation test in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), seizure

Overall Study

Dr. Amir H. Hamrahian

patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders
Glucagon stimulation test and insulin tolerance test: glucagon stimulation test using 1 mg (1.5 mg if weigh >90 kg) glucagon stimulation test using 0.03 mg/kg (maximum dose 3 mg) insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg ACTH stimulation test in subjects with T2DM, CAD, CVD, seizure

Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency

Hypothalamic-pituitary Disorders

glucagon stimulation test using 1 mg (1.5 mg if weigh >90 kg) glucagon stimulation test using 0.03 mg/kg (maximum dose 3 mg) insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg ACTH stimulation test in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), seizure

Glucagon stimulation test and insulin tolerance test

glucagon stimulation test using 1 mg (1.5 mg if weigh >90 kg) glucagon stimulation test using 0.03 mg/kg (maximum dose 3 mg) insulin tolerance test using 0.10-0.15 U/kg ACTH stimulation test in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), CVD (cerebrovascular disease), seizure

glucagon stimulation test and insulin tolerance test

Massachusetts General Hospital

Cleveland Clinic Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Oregon Health and Sciences University

Allegheny Endocrinology Associates

The Glucagon Stimulation Test for Evaluation of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and Adrenocorticotropic Axis

The Diagnostic Accuracy of the Glucagon Stimulation Test for Evaluation of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

The Cleveland Clinic

Oregon Health and Science University

BD glucose tablets (TM) are taken PO in response to a hypoglycemic event by participants randomized to this arm

Fruit to Go (TM) is taken PO in response to a hypoglycemic event by participants randomized to this arm

Skittles (TM) are taken PO in response to a hypoglycemic event by participants randomized to this arm

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia (blood glucose is less than 4.0 mmol/L as measured by a glucose meter) will be treated with BD glucose tablets by giving 10g of glucose in children 10 and under. Children and teens over 10 will receive 15g of glucose.

Ingestion of BD glucose tablets (TM)

Hypoglycemia (blood glucose is less than 4.0 mmol/L as measured by a glucose meter) will be treated with Skittle by giving 10g of sucrose in children 10 and under. Children and teens over 10 will receive 15g of sucrose.

Ingestion of Skittles (TM)

Hypoglycemia (blood glucose is less than 4.0 mmol/L as measured by a glucose meter) will be treated with Fruit to Go by giving 10g of fructose in children 10 and under. Children and teens over 10 will receive 15g of fructose.

adrenal insufficiency/carbohydrate

The Glucagon Stimulation Test for Evaluation of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency and Adrenocorticotropic Axis

Skittles(TM) Effective for Treating Hypoglycemia in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

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