benzoquinone/schaumkressen

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Vacuolar and cytosolic cytokinin dehydrogenases of Arabidopsis thaliana: heterologous expression, purification and properties.

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The catabolism of cytokinins is a vital component of hormonal regulation, contributing to the control of active forms of cytokinins and their cellular distribution. The enzyme catalyzing the irreversible cleavage of N(6)-side chains from cytokinins is a flavoprotein classified as cytokinin

Investigation of the effect of phytohormone on the expression of microRNA-159a in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings based on mimic enzyme catalysis systematic electrochemical biosensor.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play very important roles in plant growth and development as well as phytohormones. More importantly, microRNAs were recently found to be a new growth regulator involved in plant hormone signaling. Therefore, for investigating the expression change of microRNAs in plants exposed

Distinct redox behaviors of chloroplast thiol enzymes and their relationships with photosynthetic electron transport in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The thiol/disulfide redox network mediated by the thioredoxin (Trx) system in chloroplasts ensures light-responsive control of diverse crucial functions. Despite the suggested importance of this system, the working dynamics against changing light environments remains largely unknown. Thus, we

Guard cell photosynthesis is crucial in abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous signaling molecules involved in diverse physiological processes, including stomatal closure. Photosynthetic electron transport (PET) is the main source of ROS generation in plants, but whether it functions in guard cell signaling remains unclear. Here, we

Light-dependent expression of flg22-induced defense genes in Arabidopsis.

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Chloroplasts have been reported to generate retrograde immune signals that activate defense gene expression in the nucleus. However, the roles of light and photosynthesis in plant immunity remain largely elusive. In this study, we evaluated the effects of light on the expression of defense genes

Quinone perception in plants via leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinases

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Quinones are produced and sensed in all kingdoms of life^1-4. Plants are primary producers of quinone^1,2, but the role of quinone as a signalling agent in plants remains largely unknown. One well-documented role of quinone is in the induction of haustoria (specialized feeding

Nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation reprograms gene expression and activates defense markers in Arabidopsis tocopherol-deficient mutants.

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Tocopherols (vitamin E) are lipophilic antioxidants that are synthesized by all plants and are particularly abundant in seeds. Two tocopherol-deficient mutant loci in Arabidopsis thaliana were used to examine the functions of tocopherols in seedlings: vitamin e1 (vte1), which accumulates the pathway

Cytokinin oxidase or dehydrogenase? Mechanism of cytokinin degradation in cereals.

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An enzyme degrading cytokinins with isoprenoid side chain, previously named cytokinin oxidase, was purified to near homogeneity from wheat and barley grains. New techniques were developed for the enzyme activity assay and staining on native electrophoretic gels to identify the protein. The purified

Subset of heat-shock transcription factors required for the early response of Arabidopsis to excess light.

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Sunlight provides energy for photosynthesis and is essential for nearly all life on earth. However, too much or too little light or rapidly fluctuating light conditions cause stress to plants. Rapid changes in the amount of light are perceived as a change in the reduced/oxidized (redox) state of

Gene network reconstruction identifies the authentic trans-prenyl diphosphate synthase that makes the solanesyl moiety of ubiquinone-9 in Arabidopsis.

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Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is the generic name of a class of lipid-soluble electron carriers formed of a redox active benzoquinone ring attached to a prenyl side chain. The length of the latter varies among species, and depends upon the product specificity of a trans-long-chain prenyl diphosphate

Overexpression of Heat Shock Factor Gene HsfA3 Increases Galactinol Levels and Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis.

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Heat shock factors (Hsfs) are central regulators of abiotic stress responses, especially heat stress responses, in plants. In the current study, we characterized the activity of the Hsf gene HsfA3 in Arabidopsis under oxidative stress conditions. HsfA3 transcription in seedlings was induced by

Tocopherol metabolism, oxidation and recycling under high light stress in Arabidopsis.

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CONCLUSIONS Tocopherols are synthesized and accumulated by all plants and many cyanobacteria. The quenching and scavenging of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxy radicals by tocopherols can result in the formation of various tocopherol oxidation compounds. A targeted GC/MS profiling method was

Redox-mediated quorum sensing in plants.

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The rhizosphere, the narrow zone of soil around plant roots, is a complex network of interactions between plants, bacteria, and a variety of other organisms. The absolute dependence on host-derived signals, or xenognosins, to regulate critical developmental checkpoints for host commitment in the

In vivo and in vitro evidence for the inhibition of homogentisate solanesyltransferase by cyclopyrimorate.

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Cyclopyrimorate is a highly effective bleaching herbicide discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc. The target site was recently reported to be homogentisate solanesyltransferase (HST) in the plastoquinone (PQ) biosynthesis pathway on the basis of the amount of intermediates in

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