Overnight fasting blood sample, early morning first-void urine sample and faeces samples will be collected at baseline and follow-up。

Hypertension

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Stroke

Obesity

Metabolic Syndrome

Sarcopenia

Chronic Kidney Disease

Cancer

Death

Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control

Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study：a Community-based Prospective Cohort Study in Nanshan， Shenzhen Residents

The investigators will also track for occurrence of diabetes mellitus by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of stroke by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of cognitive disorder by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will measure metabolic syndrome-related indices at each visit (per every 3 years), the investigators can analysis the incidence of metabolic syndrome.

The investigators will measure fasting lipid profile (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) at each visit, and analyse the change of these indices.

The investigators will measure the handgrip strength, which will be used to diagnose sarcopenia according to definition recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS): cutoff values for handgrip strength (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women).

The investigators will measure the usual gait speed., which will also be used to diagnose sarcopenia according to definition recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS): cutoff values for usual gait speed (<0.8 m/s).

Yu-ming Chen

Professor

Sun Yat-sen University

Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control

Choline bitartrate 700 mg + Betaine 1000 mg daily

Placebo

Choline bitartrate 700 mg by mouth daily
Choline bitartrate

Choline Bitartrate

Betaine

Choline bitartrate 700 mg + Betaine 1000 mg daily
Choline bitartrate + Betaine

Choline Bitartrate + Betaine

Total

Age, Customized

Sex: Female, Male

Race (NIH/OMB)

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Region of Enrollment

Change in Urinary % Monomethyl Arsenic

Change in Urinary % Inorganic Arsenic

Change in Urinary % Dimethyl Arsenic

Overall Study

Megan N Hall

Arsenic Metabolites Measured in Urine

Choline bitartrate

Choline bitartrate + Betaine

Columbia University Arsenic Research Project

A Preliminary Study of Choline and Betaine Supplementation Among Adults Exposed to Arsenic in Bangladesh

A Pilot Study of Choline and Betaine Supplementation in Arsenic-exposed Individuals in Bangladesh

Megan Hall

Assistant Professor of Epidemiology

Columbia University

HIV Infections

Cancer, Second Primary

175g probiotic yogurt / day 25% RDA for each nutrient

Probiotic Yogurt B: with various micronutrients

175g probiotic yogurt/ day 25% RDA for each nutrient

Probiotic Yogurt A: Kaiser micronutrients

175g yogurt/ day 25% RDA for each nutrient

betaine/krebs

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study

A Preliminary Study of Choline and Betaine Supplementation Among Adults Exposed to Arsenic in Bangladesh

Micronutrient Supplemented Probiotic Yogurt for HIV/AIDS and Other Immunodeficiencies

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