The chronic CSCR cases included here meet one or more of the following criteria:
Complaints of recurrent symptoms lasting longer than 3 months;
Recalcitrant or unresponsive to all known current treatment modalities including PDT and MPL;
Typical B-scan SD-OCT findings of chronicity such as elongation of photoreceptor outer segments indicating chronic nature of sub-macular fluid and/or the presence of serous flat-irregular RPED and focal areas of thickened RPE that lie below the collection of SRF;
Widespread RPE/photoreceptor damage, RPE mottling and atrophy along with chronic submacular fluid;
Widespread multifocal areas of chronic serous retinal detachment and/or flat-irregular RPEDs in those eyes that effective and reliable laser application is impossible.

The changes in SMT, CMT, DRCD, and BCVA before and after the interventions were compared.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Autologous platelet rich plasma is containing many types of growth factors (GFs) such as epithelial growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF).
Repetitive high frequency electromagnetic stimulation (rEMS) creates a stimulated focus in the tissue by increasing blood flow and platelets at the capillary level. Electromagnetic stimulation along with growth factors has shown synergetic effects toward enhanced epithelial integrity and neural functions. With the addition of possible iontophoresis effects in the rEMS, the passage of the various active molecules can be augmented at the tissue level thereby increasing the widespread effect of the GFs in the damaged choroidal and outer retinal microenvironment.

Source of growth factors: autologous platelet-rich plasma (aPRP) + repetitive electromagnetic stimulation for iontophoresis

Ankara University Biotechnology Institute

Treatment of Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Via Electromagnetic Stimulation and Platelet- Rich Plasma

Treatment of Chronic Recalcitrant or Unresponsive Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Via Electromagnetic Stimulation And Platelet- Rich Plasma

This was measured manually from the ellipsoid zone to the Bruch's membrane in where sub-macular fluid is the thickest.

These were measured with "AngioAnalytic" feature of the OCTA device. To compare the percentage of the vessel densities precisely during follow-up, the "Link-B Scans" button on the screen was activated so that the exact same segmentation planes of the deep capillary plexus could be compared. The OCTA device automatically calculated and displayed the vessel density maps as follow-up sequences (angio retina multi-scan view) and trend analysis.

Umut Arslan

Principle investigator, MD

Ankara Universitesi Teknokent

Prospective, open label study; The cases resistant to all known conventional treatment methods were compared before and after the application. The control group cannot be formed because there are cases resistant to all treatment methods.

central serous chorioretinopathy/l tyrosin

Treatment of Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Via Electromagnetic Stimulation and Platelet- Rich Plasma

Unilateral Bevacizumab for Bilateral Diabetic Macular Edema

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