The CSF samples will be stored at -80°C until testing . CSF specimens will be prepared for GS and culture examinations by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperaturetemperature.Culture will be performed by inoculating 1-2 drops of CSF sediment directly onto each of the following agar plates: horse-blood agar, Thayer-Martin agar, choc- olate agar and Sabouraud agar. Moreover, a broth tube (brain-heart infusion, BHI) will be inoculated with one drop of the sediment. Agar plates and broth will be incubated for 1 to 5 days at 35-37°C (with ~5% CO2, or in a candle-jar, for Thayer-Martin and chocolate agar) .
In addition to GS and culture method , India ink test and culture and latex agglutination test (LAT). LAT assay will be performed on CSF samples using Latex-antigen detection system kit..

Diagnoses Disease

The CSF samples will be stored at -80°C until testing . CSF specimens will be prepared for GS and culture examinations by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature. Culture will be performed by inoculating 1-2 drops of CSF sediment directly onto each of the following agar plates: horse-blood agar, Thayer-Martin agar, choc- olate agar and Sabouraud agar. Moreover, a broth tube (brain-heart infusion, BHI) will be inoculated with one drop of the sediment. Agar plates and broth will be incubated for 1 to 5 days at 35-37°C (with ~5% CO2, or in a candle-jar, for Thayer-Martin and chocolate agar) .
In addition to GS and culture method , India ink test and culture and latex agglutination test (LAT). LAT assay will be performed on CSF samples using Latex-antigen detection system kit.

CSF examination

Evaluation of Different Methods for Diagnosis of ME

Evaluation of Different Methods for Rapid Diagnosis of Meningitis in Assiut University Hospital

The CSF samples will be stored at -80°C until testing . CSF specimens will be prepared for GS and culture examinations by centrifugation at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes at room temperature. When dry, the smear will be fixed stained and finally observed by light microscopy with a 100X objective. Culture will be performed by inoculating 1-2 drops of CSF sediment directly onto each of the following agar plates: horse-blood agar, Thayer-Martin agar, choc- olate agar and Sabouraud agar. Moreover, a broth tube (brain-heart infusion, BHI) will be inoculated with one drop of the sediment. Agar plates and broth will be incubated for 1 to 5 days at 35-37°C (with ~5% CO2, or in a candle-jar, for Thayer-Martin and chocolate agar) .
In addition to GS and culture method , India ink test and culture and latex agglutination test (LAT). LAT assay will be performed on CSF samples using Latex-antigen detection system kit.

Doha Fahmy

Principal investigator

Assiut University

Patients who meet the definition of RCVS. (1) acute and severe headache with or without focal deficits or seizures, (2) uniphasic course without new symptoms more than 1 month after clinical onset, (3) segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries shown by computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA),(4) normal or near normal cerebrospinal fluid analysis and (5) complete or substantial normalisation of arteries shown by follow-up angiography within 12 weeks.

Patients with thunderclap headache and intracranial stenosis, but not diagnosed as RCVS.

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

Varicella-zoster Virus Infection

Check VZV-specific antibody response, VZV specific T-cell mediated immune response by IFN-γ ELISPOT assay from blood, and real-time PCR results from saliva

VZV-specific antibody response from blood

Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Varicella Zoster Virus

Association Between Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Herpes Zoster Infection

Compare prevalence of infection or reactivation of VZV in case-patients and control-patients.

Sung-Han Kim

Prof.

Asan Medical Center

Hanyang University

Eulji University Hospital

Kangbuk Samsung Hospital

Subjects will receive 0.65 mL of Zostavax subcutaneously in the deltoid region of the upper arm.

Subjects randomized to placebo will receive an injection of 0.65 mL of sterile normal saline subcutaneously in the deltoid region of the upper arm.

Subjects will receive 0.65 mL of Zostavax subcutaneously in the deltoid region of the upper arm.
Zostavax: Vaccination with one dose of Zostavax per Zostavax package insert

Zostavax

Subjects randomized to placebo will receive an injection of 0.65 mL of sterile normal saline subcutaneously in the deltoid region of the upper arm.
Placebo: Injection of 0.65 mL of sterile normal saline

Placebo

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

Change in vitro cell-mediated immune response to varicella virus before and after vaccination in subjects receiving Zostavax™ versus those receiving placebo.

ELISPOT, Interferon-G Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay

Change in pre and post vaccination Varicella Zoster Virus

GPELISA, VZV Glycoprotein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Aka Varicella Zoster Antibody Titre)

Overall Study

Dr. Luis Balart

Herpes Zoster

Fibrosis

Vaccination with one dose of Zostavax per Zostavax package insert

Injection of 0.65 mL of sterile normal saline

Placebo Controlled Evaluation of the Cell Mediated Immune Response of Cirrhotic Subjects to Zostavax™

Tulane University

Following a screening evaluation, participants will receive two infusions of tocilizumab, one at baseline and another at week 4 of the study. All subjects will receive a 4 mg/kg infusion of tocilizumab, the recommended starting dose for adults with rheumatoid arthritis.

Following a screening evaluation, participants will receive two infusions of tocilizumab, one at baseline and another at week 4 of the study. All subjects will receive a 4 mg/kg infusion of tocilizumab, the recommended starting dose for adults with rheumatoid arthritis.
Tocilizumab: Therapeutic/Pharmacologic Class of Drug:
Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gamma-1 subclass.
Type of Dosage Form:
Concentrate for solution for infusion.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous (i.v.) infusion.

Tocilizumab

The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) is the metric used to characterize cognition in this study. The BACS consists of 6 subscales: Verbal Memory (range 0-75), Working Memory (range 0-28), Motor Speed (range 0-100), Verbal Fluency (measure is total number of words generated in two 60 second trials), Attention and Processing speed (range 0-110), and Executive Function (range 0-22). For each subscale, higher scores reflect better cognition. For each subscale, a Standard Deviation Score was calculated based on normative data (Keefe et al. Norms and standardization of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Schizophrenia Research 102 (2008) 108-115). The BACS composite score is calculated as the average Standard Deviation Score of the 6 subscale scores. The change in BACS composite score was calculated as the BACS composite score at 8 weeks minus the BACS composite score at baseline.

Change in Cognition

The Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) is the metric used to characterize psychotic symptoms in this study. The PANSS consists of 30 items, each scored 1-7. The range for the PANSS total score is 30-210. There are 3 subscales - PANSS positive score (range 7-49), PANSS negative score (range 7-49), and PANSS general score (range 16-112). PANSS total score is the summation of these 3 subscales. Higher values for the total and subscale scores reflect more severe psychopathology. A positive change in PANSS total score reflects an increase in psychopathology. A negative change in PANSS total score reflects a decrease in psychopathology.

Change in Total Psychotic Symptoms

Following a screening evaluation, participants will receive two infusions of Tocilizumab, one at baseline and another at week 4 of the study. All subjects will receive a 4 mg/kg infusion of Tocilizumab, the recommended starting dose for adults with rheumatoid arthritis.
Tocilizumab: Therapeutic/Pharmacological Class of Drug:
Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gamma-1 subclass.
Type of Dosage Form:
Concentrate for solution for infusion.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous (i.v.) infusion.

Dr. Brian Miller

Schizophrenia

Therapeutic/Pharmacologic Class of Drug:
Tocilizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-human interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gamma-1 subclass.
Type of Dosage Form:
Concentrate for solution for infusion.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous (i.v.) infusion.

chickenpox/kopfschmerz

Evaluation of Different Methods for Diagnosis of ME

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Varicella Zoster Virus

Placebo Controlled Evaluation of the Cell Mediated Immune Response of Cirrhotic Subjects to Zostavax™

An Open-Label Trial of Tocilizumab in Schizophrenia

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