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cynoglossum/alkaloid
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Induced responses in three alkaloid-containing plant species.
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In this paper we test three plant species for the inducibility of their alkaloid production. The plants were heavily damaged by cutting off 50% of their leaf surface using a pair of scissors. The cut-off leaf tips were used as controls for possible diurnal fluctuations. After 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h,
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Cynoglossum furcatum.
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Two new pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been isolated from the roots of Cynoglossum furcatum. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, structures of the compounds have been elucidated. They are lactodine (3), a monoster alkaloid and viridinatine (4), a pyrrolizidine diester alkaloid. The
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Cynoglossum creticum. Synthesis of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids echinatine, rinderine, and analogues.
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Reinvestigation of Cynoglossum creticum led to the isolation of the previously reported echinatine [1] and heliosupine [2] as well as rinderine [3], 7-angelylheliotridine [4] and a new alkaloid, cynoglossamine [5]. The structures have been determined by spectral means (ir, ms, 1H-13C HETCOR nmr),
Cynoglossum officinale (hound's-tongue)--a cause of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in horses.
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The death of 10 horses was attributed to feeding dried grass hay containing hound's-tongue, Cynoglossum officinale. Affected horses developed weight loss, icterus, photosensitization, and hepatic encephalopathy. Histologic examination of the liver of 3 of the horses revealed megalocytosis, biliary
Screening for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant materials by electron ionization RP-HPLC-MS with thermabeam interface.
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Plant samples from leaves of Cerinthe minor, Cynoglossum clandestinum, Echium tuberculatum (as well roots), Eritrichium rupestre, Lithospermum purpureo-coerulem, Nonnea lutea, Nonnea setosa, Onosma stellulatum and Cynoglossum amabile were screened for toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) with a newly
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Profiling of Four Boraginaceae Species From Northern Germany and Implications for the Analytical Scope Proposed for Monitoring of Maximum Levels
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their corresponding N-oxides (PANOs) have been determined in food and feed at levels relevant for consumer health. More than 660 different PAs have been detected, but few are available as reference substances for analytical demands. In the context of the
Single cell subtractive transcriptomics for identification of cell-specifically expressed candidate genes of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis.
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Progress has recently been made in the elucidation of pathways of secondary metabolism. However, because of its diversity, genetic information concerning biosynthetic details is still missing for many natural products. This is also the case for the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. To close
Distinct cell-specific expression of homospermidine synthase involved in pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in three species of the boraginales.
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Homospermidine synthase (HSS) is the first specific enzyme in pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) biosynthesis, a pathway involved in the plant's chemical defense. HSS has been shown to be recruited repeatedly by duplication of a gene involved in primary metabolism. Within the lineage of the Boraginales,
Tissue distribution, core biosynthesis and diversification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the lycopsamine type in three Boraginaceae species.
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Three species of the Boraginaceae were studied: greenhouse-grown plants of Heliotropium indicum and Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed roots cultures (hairy roots) of Cynoglossum officinale and Symphytum officinale. The species-specific pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) profiles of the three systems
The chemical profile of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from selected greek endemic boraginaceae plants determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
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Four Greek endemic Boraginaceae plants, Onosma erecta Sibth. & Sm., Onosma kaheirei Teppner, Onosma leptantha Heldr., and Cynoglossum columnae L. (aerial parts), were screened for their content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). TLC with the Mattocks-Molyneux visualization reagent was used as a
Quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in North American plants and honey by LC-MS: single laboratory validation.
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a class of naturally occurring compounds produced by many flowering plants around the World. Their presence as contaminants in food systems has become a significant concern in recent years. For example, PAs are often found as contaminants in honey through pollen
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing toxic plants (Senecio, Crotalaria, Cynoglossum, Amsinckia, Heliotropium, and Echium spp.).
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Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing plants are found throughout the world and are probably the most common plant cause of poisoning of livestock, wildlife, and humans. PAs are potent liver toxins that under some conditions can be carcinogenic. This article briefly introduces high-risk North
Minor pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Cynoglossum officinale L.
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[STUDIES ON CYNOGLOSSUM OFFICINALE AND ECHIUM VULGARE ALKALOIDS AND PREPARATION OF STANDARD CYNOGLOSSUM PREPARATIONS].
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Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses.
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Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale), a noxious weed that contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), infests pastures and fields in the western United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to develop techniques to better diagnose PA poisoning and describe the progression of gross and
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