physcomitrella patens/glutathione

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Degradation of glutathione S-conjugates in Physcomitrella patens is initiated by cleavage of glycine.

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Glutathione-dependent detoxification is a key pathway that allows plants to efficiently remove toxic compounds like heavy metals or electrophilic xenobiotics. Under persistent exposure to toxins plants need to respond to continuous demand with efficient synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and ideally

Chloroplasts Require Glutathione Reductase to Balance Reactive Oxygen Species and Maintain Efficient Photosynthesis.

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Thiol-based redox-regulation is vital to coordinate chloroplast functions depending on illumination and is well investigated for thioredoxin-dependent processes. In parallel, glutathione reductase (GR) maintains a highly reduced glutathione pool, enabling glutathione-mediated redox buffering. Yet,

Functional divergence of the glutathione S-transferase supergene family in Physcomitrella patens reveals complex patterns of large gene family evolution in land plants.

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Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional proteins encoded by a large gene family that play major roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics and oxidative stress metabolism. To date, studies on the GST gene family have focused mainly on vascular plants (particularly agricultural

Regulation of sulfate assimilation in Physcomitrella patens: mosses are different!

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Sulfur is an essential nutrient, taken up as sulfate from soil, reduced and incorporated into bioorganic compounds in plant cells. The pathway of sulfate assimilation is highly regulated in a demand-driven manner in seed plants. To test the evolutionary conservation of the regulatory mechanisms, we

Effects of engineered iron nanoparticles on the bryophyte, Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp, after foliar exposure.

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The effects of iron nanoparticles on bryophytes (Physcomitrella patens) were studied following foliar exposure. We used iron nanoparticles (Fe-NP) representative of industrial emissions from the metallurgical industries. After a characterization of iron nanoparticles and the validation of

Sequence analysis of expressed sequence tags from an ABA-treated cDNA library identifies stress response genes in the moss Physcomitrella patens.

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Partial cDNA sequencing was used to obtain 169 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. The source of ESTs was a random cDNA library constructed from 7 day-old protonemata following treatment with 10(-4) M abscisic acid (ABA). Analysis of the ESTs identified 69% with

Heterologous expression of cDNAs encoding monodehydroascorbate reductases from the moss, Physcomitrella patens and characterization of the expressed enzymes.

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Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR; EC 1.6.5.4) catalyses the reduction of the monodehydroascorbate (MDHA) radical to ascorbate, using NADH or NADPH as an electron donor, and is believed to be involved in maintaining the reactive oxygen scavenging capability of plant cells. This key enzyme in the

Gene structure and expression pattern analysis of three monodehydroascorbate reductase (Mdhar) genes in Physcomitrella patens: implications for the evolution of the MDHAR family in plants.

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The ascorbate-glutathione pathway plays a major role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular plants. One of the key enzymes in this pathway is monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), a FAD enzyme that catalyses the reduction of the monodehydroascorbate radical. To

AtCXXS: atypical members of the Arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxin h family with a remarkably high disulfide isomerase activity.

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The Arabidopsis thaliana thioredoxin subgroup h III is composed of four members and includes the two monocysteinic (CXXS) thioredoxins encoded by the genome. We show that AtCXXS1 is the ortholog of monocysteinic thioredoxins present in all higher plants. In contrast, unicellular algae and the moss

Sulphate assimilation under Cd2+ stress in Physcomitrella patens--combined transcript, enzyme and metabolite profiling.

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Cd(2+) causes disturbance of metabolic pathways through severe damage on several levels. Here we present a comprehensive study of Cd(2+)-mediated effects on transcript, enzyme and metabolite levels in a plant without phytochelatin (PC). The moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) B.S.G. was stressed with

Comparison of the chloroplast peroxidase system in the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens, the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the seed plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

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BACKGROUND Oxygenic photosynthesis is accompanied by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage proteins, lipids, DNA and finally limit plant yield. The enzymes of the chloroplast antioxidant system are exclusively nuclear encoded. During evolution, plastid and mitochondrial genes

Regulation of sulfate assimilation in Arabidopsis and beyond.

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OBJECTIVE Sulfate assimilation is a pathway used by prokaryotes, fungi and photosynthetic organisms to convert inorganic sulfate to sulfide, which is further incorporated into carbon skeletons of amino acids to form cysteine or homocysteine. The pathway is highly regulated in a demand-driven manner;

Conserved and differential transcriptional responses of peroxisome associated pathways to drought, dehydration and ABA.

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Plant peroxisomes are important components of cellular antioxidant networks, dealing with ROS generated by multiple metabolic pathways. Peroxisomes respond to environmental and cellular conditions by changing their size, number, and proteomic content. To investigate the role of peroxisomes in

Widespread impact of horizontal gene transfer on plant colonization of land.

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In complex multicellular eukaryotes such as animals and plants, horizontal gene transfer is commonly considered rare with very limited evolutionary significance. Here we show that horizontal gene transfer is a dynamic process occurring frequently in the early evolution of land plants. Our genome

Origin and diversification of land plant CC-type glutaredoxins.

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Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are ubiquitous glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes implicated in redox homeostasis, particularly oxidative stress response. Three major classes of GRX genes exist, the CPYC, CGFS classes are present in all pro- and eukaryote species, whereas the CC-type class GRXs are

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