Three interventions are planned, in which the subjects will eat a test meal with added rape protein isolate (arm 1), a test meal with added soy protein isolate (arm 2) and a test meal without additional protein (arm 3) in random order on 3 days. The subjects are randomly assigned to one of the 3 treatment arms, ultimately resulting in 6 sequences (cross-over)

Health, Subjective

25g rapeseed protein in comparison to 25g soy protein or no protein - dosage of 25 g per day

rapeseed or soy protein or no protein

Martin-Luther-University Institute of Agriculture and Nutritional Science

Influence of Rapeseed Proteins on the Postprandial Metabolic Response

Influence of Rapeseed Proteins on the Postprandial Metabolic Response.

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial blood glucose level

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of Cholesterol

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of triglycerides

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of short chain fatty acids

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of indole-3-propionate

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of amino acids

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of hormones (insulin, ghrelin, FGF23)

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of urea

Impact of rapeseed protein on the postprandial levels of minerals and blood hsCRP

time course: measurement of blood pressure in mm Hg

time course: measurement of heart rate in beats per minute

Ulf Schlegelmilch

Study Coordinator

Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

UFOP Union for the promotion of oil and protein plants eV

University of Halle Medical Faculty

The participant in the Nordic diet group will experience three interventions: a) a systematic introduction of taste portions, b) Protein reduced complementary foods (milk cereal drinks, porridge and baby milk with reduced protein content), and c) homemade and industry manufactured main meals with a predominance of Nordic ingredients.

The participants will be given the current advice on infant feeding issued by the Swedish National Food Agency. They will also be given regular, commercially available milk cereal drinks, porridge, baby milk and industry manufactured main meals. No advice or recipes on meals will be given apart from the current recommendations.

Infant Development

Body Composition, Beneficial

Dietary Modification

A systematic introduction of plant foods from the Nordic diet

Systematic introduction of taste portions

Specially prepared, protein-reduced, age-adjusted milk cereal drinks, baby cereals and baby milk, and commercially available baby foods in glass jars

Protein reduced complementary foods

Taste portions, homemade and industry manufactured main meals with a predominance of Nordic ingredients

Nordic diet

Paediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences

OTIS - Optimized Complementary Feeding Study

Total body water (TBW) as a measure of body composition (3 compartment model) will be determined at 12 months of age. TBW will be assessed using deuterium (2H2O) in collaboration with the MRC Human Nutrition Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.

Total body water (TBW) as a measure of body composition (3 compartment model) will be determined at 18 months of age. TBW will be assessed using deuterium (2H2O) in collaboration with the MRC Human Nutrition Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.

At 9 mo. of age the parents will be asked to register the participating child's intake of foods and drinks during consecutive 5 days.

At 12 mo. of age the parents will be asked to register the participating child's intake of foods and drinks during consecutive 5 days. They will also be asked to photograph the child's meal portions just before the meal is served and right after, taking 2 photos each time from perpendicular angles.

At 18 mo. of age the parents will be asked to register the participating child's intake of foods and drinks during consecutive 5 days. They will also be asked to photograph the child's meal portions just before the meal is served and right after, taking 2 photos each time from perpendicular angles.

Blood samples will be collected for haemoglobin, iron status, P-urea, vitamins C, A, E, carotenoids, folic acid, cow's milk specific C15 and C17 fatty acids as secondary outcomes and markers of adherence.

At 9 mo. of age the participants will in a questionnaire be asked for symptoms of allergy, asthma, atopic disease and eczema.

At 12 mo. of age the participants will in a questionnaire be asked for symptoms of allergy, asthma, atopic disease and eczema.

At 18 mo. of age the participants will in a questionnaire be asked for symptoms of allergy, asthma, atopic disease and eczema.

The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) will be administered at 12 mo. of age as a measure of general development.

A videotaped single object free play task, as a measurement of cognitive development in relation to the nutritional intervention will be administered at 12 mo. of age.

The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) will be administered at 18 mo. of age as a measure of general development.

A videotaped single object free play task, as a measurement of cognitive development in relation to the nutritional intervention will be administered at 18 mo. of age.

Blood and urine samples will be collected for a number of biomarkers associated with metabolic function including plasma (P-) insulin, P-glucose, P-IGF-1, P-lipids and lipoproteins, P-fatty acids including LC-PUFAs (DHA, EPA, ARA), hsCRP, oxidative capacity, metabolomics and lipidomics.

Overall faecal microbiota composition using 16S rDNA analysis

Overall oral microbiota composition using 16S rDNA analysis

Blood pressure will be measured with the child sitting in the parent's lap using a Carescape Dinamap V100 monitor (GE Healthcare AB, Sweden) and age appropriate blood pressure cuffs. At baseline, the parents' blood pressure will be collected sitting, using the same equipment as described above.

A video-taped test meal to assess acceptability of new foods will be administered at 12 mo. of age. During the meal the parent will serve a mid-day snack (a fruit-flavoured yoghurt, a fruit-flavoured milk and a cracker with a vegetable spread) to the child.

A video-taped test meal to assess acceptability of new foods will be administered at 18 mo. of age. During the meal the parent will serve a mid-day snack (a fruit-flavoured yoghurt, a fruit-flavoured milk and a cracker with a vegetable spread) to the child.

Body mass index will be calculated from weight and length and assessed at 12 mo. of age

Body mass index will be calculated from weight and length and assessed at 18 mo. of age

Child temperament will be assessed with the Swedish versions of the Toddler Behaviour Questionnaire (TBQ) at 18 mo. of age.

Torbjörn Lind

Associate Professor

Umeå University

Semper AB

University of California

MRC Human Nutrition Research

To compare glycemic responses and GI values from capillary and venous blood and to compare glucose solution with white bread as the reference food and to study the effect of the number of reference tests on GI values.

To examine the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses of a mashed potato-based meal when a high fat food (rapeseed oil) or a high protein food (chicken breast) or fat, protein and salad together were added to the meal. Furthermore, we studied how the predicted and measured GI values of the mixed meal differed from each other.

To examine the effects of two different coffee portions with glucose and caffeine-containing soft drinks on postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Further objectives were to study how coffee and different accompaniments affect glucose and insulin responses.

To measure GI and II values for Finnish snack foods

To study the effects of berries on glycemic and insulinemic responses

To measure glycemic and insulinemic responses to low-carbohydrates foods

To examine the effects of overweight and glucose tolerance on the glucose, insulin and lipid responses to an HGI meal and an LGI meal. Furthermore, the second aim was to study the effect of BMI and glucose tolerance on the GI measured.

To compare how methodological choices affect measured insulin values

To investigate the effect of alcohol on postprandial glucose and insulin responses, and to determine glycemic and insulinemic indices values for beer and non-alcoholic beer.

Glucose Metabolism

Measuring GI and II values for Finnish foods

ELSA 1-9

Determination of Glycemic and Insulinemic Indices

The Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses of the Finnish Foods: Measurement and Modification

Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of food

rapeseed/carbohydrate

Influence of Rapeseed Proteins on the Postprandial Metabolic Response

OTIS - Optimized Complementary Feeding Study

Determination of Glycemic and Insulinemic Indices

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