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zeaxanthin/acker schmalwand
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Dissecting and modeling zeaxanthin- and lutein-dependent nonphotochemical quenching in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Photosynthetic organisms use various photoprotective mechanisms to dissipate excess photoexcitation as heat in a process called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Regulation of NPQ allows for a rapid response to changes in light intensity and in vascular plants, is primarily triggered by a pH
Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, light-harvesting system and photoinhibition resistance of a zeaxanthin-accumulating mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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The abscisic-acid-deficient aba-1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is unable to epoxidize zeaxanthin. As a consequence, it contains large amounts of this carotenoid and lacks epoxy-xanthophylls. HPLC analysis of pigment contents in leaves, isolated thylakoids and preparations of the major
Short-term down-regulation of zeaxanthin epoxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to photo-oxidative stress conditions.
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The epoxidation of zeaxanthin (Zx) to violaxanthin after exposure to different light stress conditions has been studied in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Formation of Zx was induced by illumination of intact leaves for up to 8 h at different light intensities and temperatures. The kinetics of
Zeaxanthin-dependent nonphotochemical quenching does not occur in photosystem I in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the process that protects the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae from photodamage by dissipating as heat the energy absorbed in excess. Studies on NPQ have almost exclusively focused on photosystem II (PSII), as it was believed that NPQ does not occur in
Reactive oxygen species and transcript analysis upon excess light treatment in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana vs a photosensitive mutant lacking zeaxanthin and lutein.
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BACKGROUND
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unavoidable by-products of oxygenic photosynthesis, causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. Despite their destructive activity they are also signalling molecules, priming the acclimatory response to stress stimuli.
RESULTS
To
Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone which plays an important role in seed development and dormancy and in plant response to environmental stresses. An ABA-deficient mutant of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, aba2, was isolated by transposon tagging using the maize Activator transposon. The aba2 mutant
Lutein accumulation in the absence of zeaxanthin restores nonphotochemical quenching in the Arabidopsis thaliana npq1 mutant.
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Plants protect themselves from excess absorbed light energy through thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). The major component of NPQ, qE, is induced by high transthylakoid DeltapH in excess light and depends on the xanthophyll cycle,
New transgenic line of Arabidopsis thaliana with partly disabled zeaxanthin epoxidase activity displays changed carotenoid composition, xanthophyll cycle activity and non-photochemical quenching kinetics.
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Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZE, E.C. 1.14.13.90), an enzyme belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, catalyses the conversion of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin. These reactions are part of the xanthophyll biosynthetic pathway and the xanthophyll cycle. The role of carotenoids in the
Singlet oxygen triggers chloroplast rupture and cell death in the zeaxanthin epoxidase defective mutant aba1 of Arabidopsis thaliana under high light stress.
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The two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, aba1 and max4, were previously identified as sharing a number of co-regulated genes with both the flu mutant and Arabidopsis cell suspension cultures exposed to high light (HL). On this basis, we investigated whether aba1 and max4 were generating high amounts of
The effect of zeaxanthin as the only xanthophyll on the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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In green plants, the xanthophyll carotenoid zeaxanthin is synthesized transiently under conditions of excess light energy and participates in photoprotection. In the Arabidopsis lut2 npq2 double mutant, all xanthophylls were replaced constitutively by zeaxanthin, the only xanthophyll whose synthesis
Photoprotection in a zeaxanthin- and lutein-deficient double mutant of Arabidopsis.
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When light absorption by a plant exceeds its capacity for light utilization, photosynthetic light harvesting is rapidly downregulated by photoprotective thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). To address the involvement of specific
Biochemical characterization of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation in guard cell protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to blue light.
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Recent genetic analysis showed that phototropins (phot1 and phot2) function as blue light receptors in stomatal opening of Arabidopsis thaliana, but no biochemical evidence was provided for this. We prepared a large quantity of guard cell protoplasts from Arabidopsis. The immunological method
Xanthophyll biosynthetic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana: altered nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence is due to changes in Photosystem II antenna size and stability.
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Xanthophylls (oxygen derivatives of carotenes) are essential components of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. Lutein, the most abundant xanthophyll, is attached primarily to the bulk antenna complex, light-harvesting complex (LHC) II. We have used mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana that selectively
Photosynthetic properties of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant possessing a defective PsbS gene.
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We describe the properties of npq4-9, a new mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with reduced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity that possesses a single amino acid substitution in the PsbS gene encoding PSII-S, a ubiquitous pigment-binding protein associated with photosystem II (PSII)
Regulation of photosystem I light harvesting by zeaxanthin.
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In oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes, the hydroxylated carotenoid zeaxanthin is produced from preexisting violaxanthin upon exposure to excess light conditions. Zeaxanthin binding to components of the photosystem II (PSII) antenna system has been investigated thoroughly and shown to help in the
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