Associations between observed formaldehyde concentrations and smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and self-reported cancers and asthma: data for US children, adolescents, and adults
Λέξεις-κλειδιά
Αφηρημένη
For the first time, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) released data on hemoglobin adducts of formaldehyde (HCHO) in public domain for US children aged 6-11 years, adolescents aged 12-19 years, and adults aged > = 20 years for 2015-2016. This study was undertaken to evaluate the associations between concentrations of HCHO in whole blood and smoking, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and self-reported diagnoses of cancers and asthma. Adult smokers were found to have higher adjusted concentrations of HCHO than nonsmokers (127.7 vs. 125.1 pmol/g Hb, p = 0.02). Exposure to ETS was not found to affect the adjusted concentrations of HCHO. No associations were observed between HCHO concentrations and self-reported diagnosis of "ever" cancer as well as self-reported presence of asthma at the time of participation in NHANES. HCHO concentrations were not found to differ across genders and racial/ethnic groups for children and adolescents. Among adults, non-Hispanic blacks (120.0 pmol/g Hb) had lower adjusted concentrations (p < = 0.01) of HCHO than non-Hispanic whites (128.8 pmol/g Hb), Mexican Americans (129.4 pmol/g Hb), other Hispanics (130.3 pmol/g Hb), and non-Hispanic Asians (127.9 pmol/g Hb). In conclusion, self-reported diagnoses of cancer and asthma were not found to be associated with observed concentrations of HCHO in whole blood.
Keywords: Asthma; Cancer; Formaldehyde; Smoking.