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Early life is a period of particular susceptibility to respiratory infections and symptoms are frequently more severe in infants than in adults. The neonatal immune system is generally held to be deficient in most compartments; responses to innate stimuli are weak, antigen-presenting cells have poor
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is one of the most common manifestations of allergic disease, affecting 15 % population in the United States annually. Short ragweed (RW) is a major cause of seasonal allergies. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS or CpG motifs) can inhibit an on-going Th2/allergic
OBJECTIVE
An impaired immunologic response to infection has been recognized as a major defect in the pathogenesis of sepsis and multi-organ failure. Sepsis-associated liver dysfunction and damage are main determinants for the course of the disease. CpG-motif-containing DNA-sequences (CpG-ODN) were
Differentiation of T cells was studied in the progeny of female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to immunostimulation by administration of concanavalin A or adoptive transfer of concanavalin A-activated splenocytes. Acceleration of T cell maturation during the prepubertal period and decelerated
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were shown to support the progression of many solid tumors. However, anti-tumor properties of TAM were also reported in several types of cancer. Here, we investigated the phenotype and functions of TAM in two transgenic mouse models of prostate cancer that display
BACKGROUND
In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that Chlorella is a potent biological response modifier on immunity. However, there were no direct evidences for the effect of Chlorella supplementation on immune/inflammation response in healthy humans.
METHODS
This study was designed for an
Alum, aluminum-hydroxide-containing compounds, long used as adjuvants in human vaccinations, functions by ill-defined, immunostimulatory mechanisms. Antigen-free alum has been shown to act via a previously unidentified, splenic Gr1(+), IL-4-expressing myeloid cell population to stimulate early B
Dendritic cells (DCs) have a critical effect on the outcome of adaptive immune responses against growing tumors. Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) play diverse roles in the regulation of tumor regression or growth, but the characteristics that distinguish those effects are obscure. In this
Dendritic cells (DCs) have a critical effect on the outcome of adaptive immune responses against growing tumors. Tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) play diverse roles in the regulation of tumor regression or growth, but the characteristics that distinguish those effects are obscure. In this
The generation of antitumour immunity depends on the nature of dendritic cell (DC)-tumour interactions. These have been studied mostly by using in vitro-derived DC which may not reflect the natural biology of DC in vivo. In breast cancer, only one report has compared blood DC at different stages and
Potent but safe adjuvants are required to circumvent the many limitations of the newborn immune system to induce rapidly effective and long lasting immunity to subunit vaccines. By the use of pattern recognition receptors, antigen-presenting cells (APC) can very efficiently be activated by "danger"
OBJECTIVE
Natural killer (NK) cells were associated with first trimester embryo loss. The current study in the inbred F344 rat assessed the role of NK cells in mediating resorptions caused by poly I-C, a non-specific immunostimulator.
METHODS
On fifth day of gestation, rats were injected
The development of a vaccine against dengue faces unique challenges, including the complexity of the immune responses to the four antigenically distinct serotypes. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling provides insight into the pathways and molecular features that underlie responses to immune system
BACKGROUND
Unmethylated oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) motifs can potently activate the immune system through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9. PF-3512676 is a synthetic CpG ODN that induces strong Th1-type immune responses through TLR9 and is now in clinical
Dendritic cells (DCs), specialized antigen-presenting cells bridging innate and adaptive immunity, play a crucial role in determining specific immune response to tumors. Because of their potent immunoregulatory capacities, DCs have been exploited in anticancer vaccination, with limited success thus