Healthy Fatty Acids in Transition
Keywords
Abstract
Description
Commonly consumed vegetable fats and oils are comprised predominantly of TAG, and small amounts of DAG and monoacylglycerol. TAG consists of 3 fatty acid ester, whereas diacylglycerol oil has 2 fatty acid esters linked to a glycerol backbone. Recently, Watanabe et al., developed a process by which the ratio of glycerides found in plant oils such as soybean, canola (rapeseed), or corn can be shifted from TAG to DAG, leading to the formation of oil composed largely of DAG. Commercially, DAG oil is produced by esterification of fatty acids derived from natural edible plant oils in the presence of lipase enzyme. Commercially produced vegetable DAG oil contains >80% DAG, <20% TAG, <5% monoacylglycerols, and small amounts of emulsifiers and antioxidants to maintain quality. The main constituent fatty acids of DAG oil are oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and linolenic (C18:3) acids, present as 1,3- and 1,2 (or 2,3)-DAGs in a ratio of 7:3, respectively. These structural differences may be responsible for the purported metabolic effects of DAG compared to TAG oil, DAG oil has fewer fatty acids than TAG, and DAG-oil with a greater proportion of DAG in the sn-1,3 versus sn-1,2 form may be more readily oxidized. Thus, the effects of DAG oil on increasing LDL-C would be expected to be less than TAG oil.
Dates
| Last Verified: | 04/30/2017 |
| First Submitted: | 06/17/2009 |
| Estimated Enrollment Submitted: | 07/09/2009 |
| First Posted: | 07/12/2009 |
| Last Update Submitted: | 05/25/2017 |
| Last Update Posted: | 05/30/2017 |
| Actual Study Start Date: | 01/31/2009 |
| Estimated Primary Completion Date: | 10/31/2009 |
| Estimated Study Completion Date: | 10/31/2009 |
Condition or disease
Intervention/treatment
Dietary Supplement: Palm Oil
Phase
Arm Groups
| Arm | Intervention/treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Palm Oil Traditional palm oil normally used in foods | Dietary Supplement: Palm Oil Use of Palm DAG Oil to replace palm oil traditionally used in foods |
Eligibility Criteria
| Ages Eligible for Study | 30 Years To 30 Years |
| Sexes Eligible for Study | All |
| Accepts Healthy Volunteers | Yes |
| Criteria | Inclusion Criteria: - 30-60 years of age - Moderately elevated LDL-C (120-175 mg/dL) and normal HDL-C (30-50 mg/dL) - TG < 350 mg/dL Exclusion Criteria: - Smokers - A history of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, kidney disease, and thyroid disease (unless controlled on medication) - Lactation, pregnancy, or desire to become pregnant during the study - Cholesterol-lowering medications - Intake of putative cholesterol-lowering supplements (psyllium, fish oil capsules, soy lecithin, niacin, fiber, flax, and phytoestrogens, stanol/sterol supplemented foods) - Vegetarianism - Allergic to nuts (Other food allergies will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis) |
Outcome
Primary Outcome Measures
1. Lipoprotein profile (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) [At the end of each 4 week diet period (week 4 and week 10)]
Secondary Outcome Measures
1. Inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-1, IL-6 & TNF-α) [At the end of each 4 week diet period (week 4 and week 10)]
