Anti-inflammatory spiroaxane and drimane sesquiterpenoids from Talaromyces minioluteus (Penicillium minioluteum).

A new spiroaxane sesquiterpenoid talaminoid A (1) and two drimane sesquiterpenoid talaminoids B and C (2 and 3), together with four known compounds (4-7), were isolated from the solid culture broth of fungus Talaromyces minioluteum. The structures were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data analyses, and the absolute configuration of these new compounds were undoubtedly confirmed by X-ray crystal diffrations. Compound 1 is a rare spiroaxane sesquiterpenoid and the absolute configuration of spiroaxane sesquiterpenoid was determined for the first time. Compound 2 is the first drimane-type sesquiterpenoid containing both amino acid residue and butanediol group. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 showed significant suppressive effect on the production of NO on LPS induced BV-2 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 4.97 to 7.81 μM. In addition, 1, 4, and 5 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities against the production of TNF-α and IL-6. Further immunofluorescence experiments revealed the mechanism of action to be inhibitory the NF- κB-activated pathway.