Antidiabetic potential of α-amylase inhibitor from the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice.

BACKGROUND

Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. (Leguminosae) seeds, known as the poor man's pulse crop in India, have been used as a food and also used in the traditional method for treatment of kidney stones, diabetes, obesity, etc.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the antidiabetic effect of α-amylase inhibitor isolated from the seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum seeds in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic mice.

METHODS

α-Amylase inhibitor was purified using a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) column. Kinetic studies were done using mouse pancreatic and human salivary α-amylase. Its antidiabetic effect was studied in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice. Biochemical parameters such as serum total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined. Histopathological investigation was performed on the pancreas, kidney, and liver tissue samples.

RESULTS

Macrotyloma uniflorum α-amylase inhibitor (MUAI) inhibited both the mouse pancreatic and human salivary α-amylase in a non-competitive manner with K(i) values of 11 and 8.8 µM and IC(50) value of 30 and 12.5 µg/mL, respectively. It decreased the serum glucose level in the treated diabetic mice. Histological findings suggested minimum pathological changes in the treated diabetic mice as compared to the diabetic control.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that MUAI has an antihyperglycemic activity and therefore can be used in the dietary treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.